Hadith 147
الحديث 721
Bihar al-Anwar · Allamah al-Majlisi
ْ وَ صَلَاحِ ذَاتِ الْبَيْنِ وَ أَنْ تُؤَدُّوا الْأَماناتِ إِلى أَهْلِها وَ أَنْ تُوفُوا بِالْعَهْدِ وَ لا تَنْقُضُوا الْأَيْمانَ بَعْدَ تَوْكِيدِها
وَ أَمَرَكُمْ أَنْ تَعَاطَفُوا وَ تَبَارُّوا وَ تَبَاشَرُوا وَ تَبَاذَلُوا وَ تَرَاحَمُوا وَ نَهَاكُمْ عَنِ التَّنَاهُبِ وَ التَّظَالُمِ وَ التَّحَاسُدِ وَ التَّبَاغِي وَ التَّقَاذُفِ وَ عَنْ شُرْبِ الْخَمْرِ وَ بَخْسِ الْمِكْيَالِ وَ نَقْصِ الْمِيزَانِ
وَ تَقَدَّمَ إِلَيْكُمْ فِيمَا تَلَا عَلَيْكُمْ أَنْ لَا تَزْنُوا وَ لَا تَرْبُوا وَ لَا تَأْكُلُوا أَمْوَالَ الْيَتَامَى وَ أَنْ تُؤَدُّوا الْأَماناتِ إِلى أَهْلِها وَ لا تَعْثَوْا فِي الْأَرْضِ مُفْسِدِينَ وَ لا تَعْتَدُوا إِنَّ اللَّهَ لا يُحِبُّ الْمُعْتَدِينَ
فَكُلُّ خَيْرٍ يُدْنِي إِلَى الْجَنَّةِ وَ يُبَاعِدُ مِنَ النَّارِ أَمَرَكُمْ بِهِ وَ كُلُّ شَرٍّ يُدْنِي إِلَى النَّارِ وَ يُبَاعِدُ مِنَ الْجَنَّةِ نَهَاكُمْ عَنْهُ
فَلَمَّا اسْتَكْمَلَ مُدَّتَهُ مِنَ الدُّنْيَا تَوَفَّاهُ اللَّهُ إِلَيْهِ سَعِيداً حَمِيداً فَيَا لَهَا مُصِيبَةً خَصَّتِ الْأَقْرَبِينَ وَ عَمَّتْ جَمِيعَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ مَا أُصِيبُوا قَبْلَهَا بِمِثْلِهَا وَ لَنْ يُعَايِنُوا بَعْدَهَا أُخْتَهَا
فَلَمَّا مَضَى لِسَبِيلِهِ ص تَنَازَعَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ الْأَمْرَ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ فَوَ اللَّهِ مَا كَانَ يُلْقَى فِي رُوعِي وَ لَا يَخْطُرُ عَلَى بَالِي أَنَّ الْعَرَبَ تَعْدِلُ هَذَا الْأَمْرَ بَعْدَ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ أَهْلِ بَيْتِهِ وَ لَا أَنَّهُمْ مُنَحُّوهُ عَنِّي مِنْ بَعْدِهِ
فَمَا رَاعَنِي إِلَّا انْثِيَالُ النَّاسِ عَلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ وَ إِجْفَالُهُمْ إِلَيْهِ لِيُبَايِعُوهُ فَأَمْسَكْتُ يَدِي وَ رَأَيْتُ أَنِّي أَحَقُّ بِمَقَامِ مُحَمَّدٍ ص وَ مِلَّةِ مُحَمَّدٍ ص فِي النَّاسِ بِمَنْ تَوَلَّى الْأَمْرَ بَعْدَهُ
فَلَبِثْتُ بِذَلِكَ مَا شَاءَ اللَّهُ حَتَّى رَأَيْتُ رَاجِعَةً مِنَ النَّاسِ رَجَعَتْ عَنِ الْإِسْلَامِ تَدْعُو إِلَى مَحْقِ دِينِ اللَّهِ وَ مِلَّةِ مُحَمَّدٍ فَخَشِيتُ إِنْ لَمْ أَنْصُرِ الْإِسْلَامَ وَ أَهْلَهُ أَنْ أَرَى فِيهِ ثَلْماً وَ هَدْماً يَكُونُ الْمُصِيبَةُ بِهِمَا عَلَيَّ أَعْظَمَ مِنْ فَوَاتِ وِلَايَةِ أُمُورِكُمُ الَّتِي إِنَّمَا هِيَ مَتَاعُ أَيَّامٍ قَلَائِلَ
ثُمَّ يَزُولُ مَا كَانَ مِنْهَا كَمَا يَزُولُ السَّرَابُ وَ كَمَا يَنْقَشِعُ السَّحَابُ فَمَشَيْتُ عِنْدَ ذَلِكَ إِلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ فَبَايَعْتُهُ وَ نَهَضْتُ فِي تِلْكَ الْأَحْدَاثِ حَتَّى زَاغَ الْبَاطِلُ وَ زَهَقَ وَ كَانَتْ كَلِمَةُ اللَّهِ هِيَ الْعُلْيَا وَ لَوْ كَرِهَ الْكافِرُونَ
فَتَوَلَّى أَبُو بَكْرٍ تِلْكَ الْأُمُورَ وَ سَدَّدَ وَ يَسَّرَ وَ قَارَبَ وَ اقْتَصَدَ فَصَحِبْتُهُ مُنَاصِحاً وَ أَطَعْتُهُ فِيمَا أَطَاعَ اللَّهَ فِيهِ جَاهِداً وَ مَا طَمِعْتُ أَنْ لَوْ حَدَثَ بِهِ حَدَثٌ وَ أَنَا حَيٌّ أَنْ يُرَدَّ إِلَيَّ الْأَمْرُ الَّذِي بَايَعْتُهُ فِيهِ طَمَعَ مُسْتَيْقِنٍ وَ لَا يَئِسْتُ م
ould snatch this command away from People-asws of his-saww Household, nor that they would erase is from me-asws from after him-saww. But they did not care for me-asws except the people swarmed to Abu Bakr and their panicking to him to pledge allegiance to him. I-asws withheld my-asws hand and saw that I-asws was more rightful with the position of Muhammad-asws and nation of Muhammad-saww among the people than the ones in charge of the command after him-saww. I-asws remained with that for as long as Allah-azwj so Desired until I-asws saw a reaction from the people returning from calling to obliterate the Religion of Muhammad-saww. I-asws feared that if I-asws do not help and its people right there and then, the calamity with them both upon me-asws would be greater than loss of governance of their affairs which rather, it is an enjoyment for a few days. Then it declined what had happened from it just the decline of the mirage and like the dissipation of the clouds. During that, I-asws (forced to) walked to Abu Bakr and (was forced to) pledged allegiance to him, and I-asws got up during those events until the falsehood was evaded and it vanished, and the Word of Allah-azwj happened to be the higher, and even thought the Kafirs dislike it. Abu Bakr ruled those affairs and he discharged, and eased, and drew closer, and aimed. I-asws accompanied him as an adviser and obeyed him in what Allah-azwj was being obeyed, (while) struggling (against falsehood). And I-asws did not, that if an event of death were to occur with him and I-asws was alive, he would return the command to me-asws which I-asws had pledged to him regarding it, an eagerness of the convinced, nor did I-asws despair from him the despair of the one who does not hope for it. Had there not been a special relationship between him and Umar, I-asws think he would not have pushed it away from me-asws. When (death) presented, he sent a message to Umar and made him the ruler. We listened and obeyed, and we advised; and Umar oversaw the command. His conduct was that of a wolf until when (death) presented, I-asws said within myself it would not be kept away from me-asws. But he made me-asws to be the sixth of six. There not averse to the governance of anyone of them like their aversion to my-asws governance upon them. And they were making me-asws hear during the expiry of Rasool-saww, the need for Abu Bakr, and I-asws said: ‘Community of Quraysh! We-asws are People-asws of the Household, are more rightful with this command than you are. Was there no one among us reading the Quran and recognising the Sunnah and making is a religion with the religion of the truth? ’
The people feared that if I-asws were to rule upon them, there would not be any share for them from the command for as long as they remain alive. They gathered with one unity and the turned the governance to Usman and expelled me-asws from it wishing that they would get it, and they would pass it around, when they despaired from getting it from me-asws. Then they said, ‘Come, pledge allegiance, or else we shall fight you-asws’. So, I-asws pledged being forced and I-asws was patient, anticip
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