Hadith 1
الحديث 1
Bihar al-Anwar · Allamah al-Majlisi
سُنَّةِ نَبِيِّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ، وَ دَعَوْتُ النَّاسَ إِلَى بَيْعَتِي، فَمَنْ بَايَعَنِي طَائِعاً قَبِلْتُ مِنْهُ، وَ مَنْ أَبَى تَرَكْتُهُ،
فَكَانَ أَوَّلُ مَنْ بَايَعَنِي طَلْحَةَ وَ الزُّبَيْرَ، فَقَالا: نُبَايِعُكَ عَلَى أَنَّا شُرَكَاؤُكَ فِي الْأَمْرِ. فَقُلْتُ: لَا، وَ لَكِنَّكُمَا شُرَكَائِي فِي الْقُوَّةِ، وَ عَوْنَايَ فِي الْعَجْزِ. فَبَايَعَانِي عَلَى هَذَا الْأَمْرِ وَ لَوْ أَبَيَا لَمْ أُكْرِهْهُمَا كَمَا لَمْ أُكْرِهْ غَيْرَهُمَا، وَ كَانَ طَلْحَةُ يَرْجُو الْيَمَنَ وَ الزُّبَيْرُ يَرْجُو الْعِرَاقَ،
فَلَمَّا عَلِمَا أَنِّي غَيْرُ مُوَلِّيهِمَا اسْتَأْذَنَانِي لِلْعُمْرَةِ يُرِيدَانِ الْغَدْرَ، فَأَتَيَا عَائِشَةَ وَ اسْتَخَفَّاهَا مَعَ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ فِي نَفْسِهَا عَلَيَّ، وَ النِّسَاءُ نَوَاقِصُ الْإِيمَانِ، نَوَاقِصُ الْعُقُولِ، نَوَاقِصُ الْحُظُوظِ،
فَأَمَّا نُقْصَانُ إِيمَانِهِنَّ فَقُعُودُهُنَّ عَنِ الصَّلَاةِ وَ الصِّيَامِ فِي أَيَّامِ حَيْضِهِنَّ، وَ أَمَّا نُقْصَانُ عُقُولِهِنَّ فَلَا شَهَادَةَ لَهُنَّ إِلَّا فِي الدَّيْنِ وَ شَهَادَةُ امْرَأَتَيْنِ بِرَجُلٍ، وَ أَمَّا نُقْصَانُ حُظُوظِهِنَّ فَمَوَارِيثُهُنَّ عَلَى الْأَنْصَافِ مِنْ مَوَارِيثِ الرِّجَالِ،
وَ قَادَهُمَا عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَامِرٍ إِلَى الْبَصْرَةِ، وَ ضَمِنَ لَهُمَا الْأَمْوَالَ وَ الرِّجَالَ، فَبَيْنَمَا هُمَا يَقُودَانِهَا إِذْ هِيَ تَقُودُهُمَا، فَاتَّخَذَاهَا فِئَةً يُقَاتِلَانِ دُونَهَا،
فَأَيُّ خَطِيئَةٍ أَعْظَمُ مِمَّا أَتَيَا إِخْرَاجِهِمَا زَوْجَةَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ مِنْ بَيْتِهَا، فَكَشَفَا عَنْهَا حِجَاباً سَتَرَهُ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهَا، وَ صَانَا حَلَائِلَهُمَا فِي بُيُوتِهِمَا وَ لَا أَنْصَفَا اللَّهَ وَ لَا رَسُولَهُ مِنْ أَنْفُسِهِمَا،
ثَلَاثُ خِصَالٍ مَرْجِعُهَا عَلَى النَّاسِ، قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: يا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ إِنَّما بَغْيُكُمْ عَلى أَنْفُسِكُمْ، وَ قَالَ: فَمَنْ نَكَثَ فَإِنَّما يَنْكُثُ عَلى نَفْسِهِ، وَ قَالَ: لا يَحِيقُ الْمَكْرُ السَّيِّئُ إِلَّا بِأَهْلِهِ فَقَدْ بَغَيَا عَلَيَّ، وَ نَكَثَا بَيْعَتِي، وَ مَكَرَا بِي،
فَمُنِيتُ بِأَطْوَعِ النَّاسِ فِي النَّاسِ عَائِشَةَ بِنْتِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، وَ بِأَشْجَعِ النَّاسِ الزُّبَيْرِ، وَ بِأَخْصَمِ النَّاسِ طَلْحَةَ، وَ أَعَانَهُمْ عَلَيَّ يَعْلَى بْنُ مُنَبِّهٍ بِأَصْوُعِ الدَّنَانِيرِ، وَ اللَّهِ لَئِنِ اسْتَقَامَ أَمْرِي لَأَجْعَلَنَّ مَالَهُ فَيْئاً لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ،
ثُمَّ أَتَوُا الْبَصْرَةَ وَ أَهْلُهَا مُجْتَمِعُونَ عَلَى بَيْعَتِي وَ طَاعَتِي، وَ بِهَا شِيعَتِي خُزَّانُ بَيْتِ مَالِ اللَّهِ وَ مَالِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، فَدَعَوُا النَّاسَ إِلَى مَعْصِيَتِي وَ إِلَى نَقْضِ بَيْعَتِي، فَمَنْ أَطَاعَهُ
unnah of His-azwj Prophet-saww, and called you – the people to my-asws allegiance. The one who pledged allegiance willingly, I-asws accepted from him, and who refused, I-asws left him. The first ones to pledge allegiance to me were Talha and Al-Zubeyr. They said, ‘We pledge allegiance to you-asws upon that we shall participate with you-asws in the command’. I-asws said: ‘No, but you two are my-asws participants in the strength and my-asws supporters during the frustration’. They pledge allegiance to me upon this command, and had they refuse, I-asws would not have forced them, just as I-asws had not forced the others; and Talha wished for (governorship of) Al-Yemen, and Al-Zubeyr wished for (governorship of) Al-Iraq. When they came to know that I-asws will not be making them rulers, they sought permission for the Umrah, intending the treachery. They went to Ayesha and scared her with everything within herself against me-asws, and the women tend to be of deficient Eman, deficient of the intellect, deficient of the shares. As for the deficiency of their Eman, so it is their staying back from the Salat and the Fasts during the days of their menstruation; and as for the deficiency of their intellects, so there is no testimony for them except in the debts, and testimony of two women (equates) with (one testimony of) a man; and as for the deficiency of their shares, it is their inheritances upon the half of the inheritances of the men. And they guided Ubeydullah Bin Aamir to Al-Basra, and he guaranteed for them the wealth (funds for battle) and the men (soldiers). While they two were urging her (Ayesha), when she (started) urging them, so they took to a group to be fighting other than with her, and they took a group to be fighting under her. So which mistake is greater from what they committed? They brought out a wife of Rasool-Allah-saww in between them, and they removed her veil from her which Allah-azwj had Covered upon her, and they fortified their own wives in their own houses. They were neither fair to Allah-azwj nor to His-azwj Rasool-saww from themselves. Three characteristics have comebacks upon the people. Allah-azwj the Exalted Says: O you people! But rather, your rebellion is against your own selves. [10: 23]; and Said: So the one who breaks, is rather breaking against himself [48: 10], and Said: and the evil plot does not affect except its perpetrators [35: 43]. So, they have rebelled against me-asws, and have broken my-asws allegiance, and have plotted against me-asws. I-asws was smitten by the tamest of the people among the people, Ayesha daughter of Abu bakr, and by the braves of the people, Al-Zubeyr, and the most antagonistic of the people, Talha, and they were supported against me-asws by Ya’la Bin Munabba a vast amount of Dinars. By Allah-azwj! If I-asws were to stabilise my-asws command, I-asws would make his wealth to be a war booty for the Muslims! Then the
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