Hadith 30
الحديث 30
Bihar al-Anwar · Allamah al-Majlisi
قَالَ ع فَأَمَّا الْجَبْرُ فَهُوَ قَوْلُ مَنْ زَعَمَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ جَبَرَ الْعِبَادَ عَلَى الْمَعَاصِي وَ عَاقَبَهُمْ عَلَيْهَا وَ مَنْ قَالَ بِهَذَا الْقَوْلِ فَقَدْ ظَلَّمَ اللَّهَ وَ كَذَّبَهُ وَ رَدَّ عَلَيْهِ قَوْلَهُ وَ لا يَظْلِمُ رَبُّكَ أَحَداً وَ قَوْلَهُ جَلَّ ذِكْرُهُ ذلِكَ بِما قَدَّمَتْ يَداكَ وَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ لَيْسَ بِظَلَّامٍ لِلْعَبِيدِ مَعَ آيٍ كَثِيرَةٍ فِي مِثْلِ هَذَا
فَمَنْ زَعَمَ أَنَّهُ مَجْبُورٌ عَلَى الْمَعَاصِي فَقَدْ أَحَالَ بِذَنْبِهِ عَلَى اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ وَ ظَلَّمَهُ فِي عُقُوبَتِهِ لَهُ وَ مَنْ ظَلَّمَ رَبَّهُ فَقَدْ كَذَّبَ كِتَابَهُ وَ مَنْ كَذَّبَ كِتَابَهُ لَزِمَهُ الْكُفْرُ بِاجْتِمَاعِ الْأُمَّةِ
وَ الْمَثَلُ الْمَضْرُوبُ فِي ذَلِكَ مَثَلُ رَجُلٍ مَلَكَ عَبْداً مَمْلُوكاً لَا يَمْلِكُ إِلَّا نَفْسَهُ وَ لَا يَمْلِكُ عَرَضاً مِنْ عُرُوضٍ الدُّنْيَا وَ يَعْلَمُ مَوْلَاهُ ذَلِكَ مِنْهُ فَأَمَرَهُ عَلَى عِلْمٍ مِنْهُ بِالْمَصِيرِ إِلَى السُّوقِ بِحَاجَةٍ يَأْتِيهِ بِهَا وَ لَا يُمَلِّكُهُ ثَمَنَ مَا يَأْتِيهِ بِهِ وَ عَلِمَ الْمَالِكُ أَنَّ عَلَى الْحَاجَةِ رَقِيباً لَا يَطْمَعُ أَحَدٌ فِي أَخْذِهَا مِنْهُ إِلَّا بِمَا يَرْضَى بِهِ مِنَ الثَّمَنِ
وَ قَدْ وَصَفَ مَالِكُ هَذَا الْعَبْدِ نَفْسَهُ بِالْعَدْلِ وَ النَّصَفَةِ وَ إِظْهَارِ الْحِكْمَةِ وَ نَفْيِ الْجَوْرِ فَأَوْعَدَ عَبْدَهُ إِنْ لَمْ يَأْتِهِ بِالْحَاجَةِ أَنْ يُعَاقِبَهُ فَلَمَّا صَارَ الْعَبْدُ إِلَى السُّوقِ وَ حَاوَلَ أَخْذَ الْحَاجَةِ الَّتِي بَعَثَهُ الْمَوْلَى لِلْإِتْيَانِ بِهَا وَجَدَ عَلَيْهَا مَانِعاً يَمْنَعُهُ مِنْهَا إِلَّا بِالثَّمَنِ وَ لَا يَمْلِكُ الْعَبْدُ ثَمَنَهَا
فَانْصَرَفَ إِلَى مَوْلَاهُ خَائِباً بِغَيْرِ قَضَاءِ حَاجَتِهِ فَاغْتَاظَ مَوْلَاهُ لِذَلِكَ وَ عَاقَبَهُ عَلَى ذَلِكَ فَإِنَّهُ كَانَ ظَالِماً مُتَعَدِّياً مُبْطِلًا لِمَا وَصَفَ مِنْ عَدْلِهِ وَ حِكْمَتِهِ وَ نَصَفَتِهِ وَ إِنْ لَمْ يُعَاقِبْهُ كَذَّبَ نَفْسَهُ أَ لَيْسَ يَجِبُ أَنْ لَا يُعَاقِبَهُ وَ الْكَذِبُ وَ الظُّلْمُ يَنْفِيَانِ الْعَدْلَ وَ الْحِكْمَةَ تَعَالَى اللَّهُ عَمَّا يَقُولُ الْمُجَبِّرَةُ عُلُوّاً كَبِيراً
ثُمَّ قَالَ الْعَالِمُ ع بَعْدَ كَلَامٍ طَوِيلٍ فَأَمَّا التَّفْوِيضُ الَّذِي أَبْطَلَهُ الصَّادِقُ ع وَ خَطَّأَ مَنْ دَانَ بِهِ فَهُوَ قَوْلُ الْقَائِلِ إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى فَوَّضَ إِلَى الْعِبَادِ اخْتِيَارَ أَمْرِهِ وَ نَهْيِهِ وَ أَهْمَلَهُمْ- وَ فِي هَذَا كَلَامٌ دَقِيقٌ- لَمْ
‘As for the Compulsion, so it is the word of the one who claims that Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Compels the servants upon the disobedience and Punishes them upon it; and one who speaks with this word, so he has been unjust to Allah-azwj and belied Him-azwj, and rebutted upon Him-azwj His-azwj Words: and your Lord will not Wrong anyone [18: 49]; and the His-azwj Words, Majestic is His-azwj Mention: That is due to what your two hands have sent forward, and surely Allah isn’t unjust to the servants [22: 10], along with how many the likes of these. The one who claims that he is compelled upon the disobedience, so he has transferred his sins to be upon Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic, and been unjust to Him-azwj regarding His-azwj Punishment to him; and one who is unjust to his Lord-azwj, so he has Belied His-azwj Book, and one who belies His-azwj Book, the Kufr is necessitated for him, by the unison of the community. And the example struck regarding that is an example of a man who owns a slave who does not own anything except his soul, and he does not own any chattels from the chattels of the world, and his master knows that from him. He instructs him based upon a knowledge from him with going to the market for a needed item to come with to him, and he does not give him the price of what he should come with, and the owner (of the needed item) knows that upon the need, no one would covet to take from him except with what he would be pleased from the price. And, the owner of this slave has described himself to be with the justice and the fairness, and display of wisdom and negation of the tyranny, and he threatens his slave that if he does not come with the need (item), he would punish him. When the slave goes to the market and attempts to take the needed item which the master had sent him for to come with and strives upon it, gets prevented from it only by the price (money), and the slave did not own any money. He leaves to go back to his master fearful, without having fulfilled his need, and upset his master due to that, and he punish him upon that. Thus, he would be unjust, a transgressor, invalidating what had been described of his justice, and his wisdom, and his fairness; and if he does not punish him, he would be belying himself. Doesn’t it obligate that he does not punish him? And the lie and the injustice both negate the justice and the wisdom. Allah-azwj is Exalted from what they believe in Compulsion are saying, Loftier, Greater’. Then the Aalim-asws (Knowledgeable one) said after a lengthy speech: ‘As for the Delegation which Al-Sadiq-asws invalidated, and one who makes a religion with it he has erred, so it is the word of the speaker that Allah-azwj the Exalted Delegated to the servants to choose His-azwj Commands and His-azwj Prohibitions and their leaving it. And there is intricacy in this speech, and none can go to its depths and its intr
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