تَفْسِيرُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ الْهَيْثَمِ عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ طَرِيفٍ عَنِ الْأَصْبَغِ بْنِ نُبَاتَةَ أَنَّ عَلِيّاً ع سُئِلَ عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى وَسِعَ كُرْسِيُّهُ السَّماواتِ وَ الْأَرْضَ
قَالَ السَّمَاوَاتُ وَ الْأَرْضُ وَ مَا فِيهِمَا مِنْ مَخْلُوقٍ فِي جَوْفِ الْكُرْسِيِّ وَ لَهُ أَرْبَعَةُ أَمْلَاكٍ يَحْمِلُونَهُ بِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ
فَأَمَّا مَلَكٌ مِنْهُمْ فِي صُورَةِ الْآدَمِيِّينَ وَ هِيَ أَكْرَمُ الصُّوَرِ عَلَى اللَّهِ وَ هُوَ يَدْعُو اللَّهَ وَ يَتَضَرَّعُ إِلَيْهِ وَ يَطْلُبُ الشَّفَاعَةَ وَ الرِّزْقَ لِبَنِي آدَمَ
وَ الْمَلَكُ الثَّانِي فِي صُورَةِ الثَّوْرِ وَ هُوَ سَيِّدُ الْبَهَائِمِ وَ هُوَ يَطْلُبُ إِلَى اللَّهِ وَ يَتَضَرَّعُ إِلَيْهِ وَ يَطْلُبُ الشَّفَاعَةَ وَ الرِّزْقَ لِلْبَهَائِمِ
وَ الْمَلَكُ الثَّالِثُ فِي صُورَةِ النَّسْرِ وَ هُوَ سَيِّدُ الطَّيْرِ وَ هُوَ يَطْلُبُ إِلَى اللَّهِ وَ يَتَضَرَّعُ إِلَيْهِ وَ يَطْلُبُ الشَّفَاعَةَ وَ الرِّزْقَ لِجَمِيعِ الطَّيْرِ
وَ الْمَلَكُ الرَّابِعُ فِي صُورَةِ الْأَسَدِ وَ هُوَ سَيِّدُ السِّبَاعِ وَ هُوَ يَرْغَبُ إِلَى اللَّهِ وَ يَتَضَرَّعُ إِلَيْهِ وَ يَطْلُبُ الشَّفَاعَةَ وَ الرِّزْقَ لِجَمِيعِ السِّبَاعِ
وَ لَمْ يَكُنْ فِي هَذِهِ الصُّوَرِ أَحْسَنُ مِنَ الثَّوْرِ وَ لَا أَشَدُّ انْتِصَاباً مِنْهُ حَتَّى اتَّخَذَ الْمَلَأُ مِنْ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ الْعِجْلَ فَلَمَّا عَكَفُوا عَلَيْهِ وَ عَبَدُوهُ مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ خَفَضَ الْمَلَكُ الَّذِي فِي صُورَةِ الثَّوْرِ رَأْسَهُ اسْتِحْيَاءً مِنَ اللَّهِ أَنْ عُبِدَ مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ شَيْءٌ يُشْبِهُهُ وَ تَخَوَّفَ أَنْ يَنْزِلَ بِهِ الْعَذَابُ
ثُمَّ قَالَ ع إِنَّ الشَّجَرَ لَمْ يَزَلْ حَصِيداً كُلُّهُ حَتَّى دُعِيَ لِلرَّحْمَنِ وَلَدٌ عَزَّ الرَّحْمَنُ وَ جَلَّ أَنْ يَكُونَ لَهُ وَلَدٌ فَكَادَتِ السَّماواتُ يَتَفَطَّرْنَ مِنْهُ وَ تَنْشَقُّ الْأَرْضُ وَ تَخِرُّ الْجِبالُ هَدًّا
فَعِنْدَ ذَلِكَ اقْشَعَرَّ الشَّجَرُ وَ صَارَ لَهُ شَوْكٌ حذارا حَذَراً أَنْ يَنْزِلَ بِهِ الْعَذَابُ فَمَا بَالُ قَوْمٍ غَيَّرُوا سُنَّةَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص وَ عَدَلُوا عَنْ وَصِيِّهِ لَا يَخَافُونَ أَنْ يَنْزِلَ بِهِمُ الْعَذَابُ
ثُمَّ تَلَا هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ الَّذِينَ بَدَّلُوا نِعْمَتَ اللَّهِ كُفْراً وَ أَحَلُّوا قَوْمَهُمْ دارَ الْبَوارِ جَهَنَّمَ يَصْلَوْنَها وَ بِئْسَ الْقَرارُ
ثُمَّ قَالَ نَحْنُ وَ اللَّهِ نِعْمَةُ اللَّهِ الَّتِي أَنْعَمَ اللَّهُ بِهَا عَلَى عِبَادِهِ بِنَا فَازَ مَنْ فَازَ.
Tafseer of Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Is’haq Bin Al Haysam, from Sa’ad Bin Tareyf, from Al Asbagh Bin Nubata who said, ‘Ali-asws was asked about Words of Allah-azwj Blessed and Exalted: His Chair contains the skies and the earth [2: 255]. He-asws said: ‘The skies and the earth and whatever creatures are among these, are in the interior of the Chair, and there are four Angels for it, carrying it by the Permission of Allah-azwj. As for an Angel from them, he is in an image of the human beings, and it is the most honourable of the images to Allah-azwj, and he supplicated to Allah-azwj and beseeches to Him‑azwj and seeks the intercession and the sustenance for the children of Adam-as. And the second Angel is in an image of the bull, and it is chief of the animals, and he seeks to Allah-azwj and beseeches to Him-azwj and seeks the intercession and the sustenance for the animals. And the third Angel is in the image of an eagle, and it is chief of the birds, and he seeks to Allah-azwj and beseeches to Him-azwj and seeks the intercession and the sustenance to entirety of the birds. And the fourth Angel is in the image of a lion, and it is chief of the predatory wild animals, and he wishes to Allah-azwj and beseeches to Him-azwj and seeks the intercession and the sustenance for entirety of the predatory wild animals. And there did not happen to among these images any more excellent than the bull, nor intensely stronger than it until the chiefs from the children of Israel took the calf. When they devoted to it and worshipped it from besides Allah-azwj, the Angel who was in the image of the bull lowered his head in embarrassment from Allah-azwj that there was being worshipped from besides Allah-azwj something resembling him, and he feared that the Punishment might befall him’. Then he-asws said: ‘Then the tree did not cease to be harvested, all of it, until a son was claimed to be for the Beneficent. Mighty is the Beneficent and Majestic for a son to be for Him-azwj. So, The skies were almost torn apart from it, and the earth was rent asunder, and the mountains fell down crumbling [19: 90]. During that, the tree trembled and thorn came to be for it, as a caution that the Punishment might befall it. So what is the matter with a people changing the Sunnah of Rasool-Allah-saww and turning away from his-saww successor-asws, they are not fearing that the Punishment might befall with them? ’
Then he-asws recited this Verse: those who replaced the Favour of Allah for Kufr and released their people into the abode of perdition? [14: 28] Into Hell they will be arriving, and evil is the settlement [14: 29]. Then he-asws said: ‘By Allah-azwj! We-asws are the Favour of Allah-azwj which He-azwj has Favoured with upon His-azwj servants! Due to us-asws he shall succeed, the one who succeeds’’. [40]
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