📖 Volume 90 ✦ Volume 90 Hadith 1 / 558

Hadith 1

الحديث 1

📚 Bihar al-Anwar · Allamah al-Majlisi

﷽

ِ الْآيَةِ فَنَسَخَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ آيَةَ الْحَبْسِ وَ الْأَذَى
وَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ أَنَّ الْعِدَّةَ كَانَتْ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ عَلَى الْمَرْأَةِ سَنَةً كَامِلَةً وَ كَانَ إِذَا مَاتَ الرَّجُلُ أَلْقَتِ الْمَرْأَةُ خَلْفَ ظَهْرِهَا شَيْئاً بَعْرَةً وَ مَا جَرَى مَجْرَاهَا ثُمَّ قَالَتْ الْبَعْلُ أَهْوَنُ عَلَيَّ مِنْ هَذِهِ فَلَا أَكْتَحِلُ وَ لَا أَمْتَشِطُ وَ لَا أَتَطَيَّبُ وَ لَا أَتَزَوَّجُ سَنَةً
فَكَانُوا لَا يُخْرِجُونَهَا مِنْ بَيْتِهَا بَلْ يُجْرُونَ عَلَيْهَا مِنْ تَرِكَةِ زَوْجِهَا سَنَةً فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى فِي أَوَّلِ الْإِسْلَامِ‏ وَ الَّذِينَ يُتَوَفَّوْنَ مِنْكُمْ وَ يَذَرُونَ أَزْواجاً وَصِيَّةً لِأَزْواجِهِمْ مَتاعاً إِلَى الْحَوْلِ غَيْرَ إِخْراجٍ‏
فَلَمَّا قَوِيَ الْإِسْلَامُ أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى- وَ الَّذِينَ يُتَوَفَّوْنَ مِنْكُمْ وَ يَذَرُونَ أَزْواجاً يَتَرَبَّصْنَ بِأَنْفُسِهِنَّ أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ وَ عَشْراً فَإِذا بَلَغْنَ أَجَلَهُنَّ فَلا جُناحَ عَلَيْكُمْ‏ إِلَى آخِرِ الْآيَةِ
قَالَ ع وَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى لَمَّا بَعَثَ مُحَمَّداً ص أَمَرَهُ فِي بَدْوِ أَمْرِهِ أَنْ يَدْعُوَ بِالدَّعْوَةِ فَقَطْ وَ أَنْزَلَ عَلَيْهِ-
يا أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ إِنَّا أَرْسَلْناكَ شاهِداً وَ مُبَشِّراً وَ نَذِيراً- وَ داعِياً إِلَى اللَّهِ بِإِذْنِهِ وَ سِراجاً مُنِيراً- وَ بَشِّرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ بِأَنَّ لَهُمْ مِنَ اللَّهِ فَضْلًا كَبِيراً- وَ لا تُطِعِ الْكافِرِينَ وَ الْمُنافِقِينَ وَ دَعْ أَذاهُمْ وَ تَوَكَّلْ عَلَى اللَّهِ وَ كَفى‏ بِاللَّهِ وَكِيلًا
فَبَعَثَهُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى بِالدَّعْوَةِ فَقَطْ وَ أَمَرَهُ أَنْ لَا يُؤْذِيَهُمْ فَلَمَّا أَرَادُوهُ بِمَا هَمُّوا بِهِ مِنْ تَبْيِيتِهِ أَمَرَهُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى بِالْهِجْرَةِ وَ فَرَضَ عَلَيْهِ الْقِتَالَ فَقَالَ سُبْحَانَهُ- أُذِنَ لِلَّذِينَ يُقاتَلُونَ بِأَنَّهُمْ ظُلِمُوا وَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَلى‏ نَصْرِهِمْ لَقَدِيرٌ
فَلَمَّا أَمَرَ النَّاسَ بِالْحَرْبِ جَزِعُوا وَ خَافُوا فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى- أَ لَمْ تَرَ إِلَى الَّذِينَ قِيلَ لَهُمْ كُفُّوا أَيْدِيَكُمْ وَ أَقِيمُوا الصَّلاةَ وَ آتُوا الزَّكاةَ فَلَمَّا كُتِبَ عَلَيْهِمُ الْقِتالُ إِذا فَرِيقٌ مِنْهُمْ يَخْشَوْنَ النَّاسَ كَخَشْيَةِ اللَّهِ أَوْ أَشَدَّ خَشْيَةً وَ قالُوا رَبَّنا لِمَ كَتَبْتَ عَلَيْنَا الْقِتالَ لَوْ لا أَخَّرْتَنا إِلى‏ أَجَلٍ قَرِيبٍ‏ إِلَى قَوْلِهِ سُبْحَانَهُ‏ أَيْنَما تَكُونُوا يُدْرِكْكُمُ الْمَوْتُ وَ لَوْ كُنْتُمْ فِي بُرُوجٍ مُشَيَّدَةٍ
فَنَسَخَتْ آيَةُ الْقِتَالِ آيَةَ الْكَفِّ: فَلَمَّا كَانَ يَوْمُ بَدْرٍ وَ عَرَفَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى حَرَجَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ أَنْزَلَ عَلَى نَبِيِّهِ‏ وَ إِنْ جَنَحُوا لِلسَّلْمِ فَاجْنَحْ لَها وَ تَوَكَّلْ عَلَى اللَّهِ
فَلَمَّا قَوِيَ الْإِسْلَامُ وَ كَثُرَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى- فَلا تَهِنُوا وَ تَدْعُو

✦ Traduction

rn (Raj’at) and does not recognise its interpretation; and from it is rebuttal against the one claiming that Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic does not Know the thing until (after) it comes into being. And from it is rebuttal against the one who does not know the difference between the Desire (of Allah-azwj), and the Will, and the Pre-determination in (various) places; and from it is recognition of what Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic has Address the Imams-asws and the Momineen with; and from it is news of the emergence of Al-Qaim-ajfj from us-asws, may Allah-azwj Hasten his-ajfj relief. And from it is what Allah-azwj the Exalted has Explained the Laws of in it, and Impositions of the Rulings, and the cause regarding the meaning of remaining of the creation (ever-lasting), and their livelihoods, and aspects of that; and from it are news of the Prophets-as and their-as laws, and destruction of their-saww communities. And from it is what Allah-azwj the Exalted has Explained regarding the military expeditions of the Prophet-saww and his-saww wards, and merits of my-asws successors, and what is related with that and connected with it! ’’
The Shias were such, whenever they were free from their commitments, asked him-asws about different subjects, so he-asws informed about these. From what they asked him-asws, was about the Abrogating and the Abrogated. He-asws may the Salawaat of Allah-azwj be upon him-asws, said: ‘Allah-azwj Blessed and Exalted Sent His-azwj Rasool-saww with the kindness and the mercy. It was from his-saww kindness and his-saww mercy that in the beginning of his-saww Prophet-hood, he-saww did not transfer his-saww people away from their norms until was firmly established in their hearts and the Law was settled in their chests. It was from their laws during the pre-Islamic period that whenever the woman committed adultery, she would be withheld in a room and a custodian to take care of her until the death came to her; and when the man committed adultery, they banished him from their gatherings, and insulted him, and hurt him, and faulted him, and they were not knowing other than this’. [4]
Allah-azwj the Exalted Said in the beginning of: And those from your women who are committing the immoralities, call against them four witnesses from you. So if they do testify, then withhold them in the houses until the death claims them or Allah Makes a way for them [4: 15]
And those two from you who are committing it, hurt them. So if they both repent and amend, turn aside from them both. Surely Allah would always be Oft-returning, Merciful [4: 16]. When the Muslims were a lot and was strong, and they alienated from matters of the pre-Islamic period, Allah-azwj the Exalted Revealed: The adulteress and the adulterer, flog each one of them a hundred lashes, [24: 2] – up to end of the Verse. This Verse Abrogated Verses of the withholding (imprisoning) and the hurting. And from that is that during the pre-Islamic period, the waiting period upon the woman was a whole year, and it was so that when the man died, the woman would throw something of animal dung behind her back and what flows its flow (similar thing), then she would say, ‘The husband is more insignificant to me than this. I will neither apply Kohl, nor comb h

N° hadith1
Volume90
Chapitre128
LivreBihar al-Anwar
AuteurAllamah al-Majlisi
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