📖 Volume 90 ✦ Volume 90 Hadith 1 / 558

Hadith 1

الحديث 1

📚 Bihar al-Anwar · Allamah al-Majlisi

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نَ الدَّلِيلِ عَلَى فَسَادِ قَوْلِهِمْ فِي الِاجْتِهَادِ وَ الرَّأْيِ وَ الْقِيَاسِ أَنَّهُ لَنْ يَخْلُوَ الشَّيْ‏ءُ أَنْ يَكُونَ تَمْثِيلًا عَلَى أَصْلٍ أَوْ يُسْتَخْرَجَ الْبَحْثُ عَنْهُ فَإِنْ كَانَ بَحَثَ عَنْهُ فَإِنَّهُ لَا يَجُوزُ فِي عَدْلِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى تَكْلِيفُ الْعِبَادِ ذَلِكَ
وَ إِنْ كَانَ تَمْثِيلًا عَلَى أَصْلٍ فَلَنْ يَخْلُوَ الْأَصْلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ حُرِّمَ لِمَصْلَحَةِ الْخَلْقِ أَوْ لِمَعْنًى فِي نَفْسِهِ خَاصٍّ فَإِنْ كَانَ حُرِّمَ لِمَعْنًى فِي نَفْسِهِ خَاصٍّ فَقَدْ كَانَ قَبْلَ ذَلِكَ حَلَالًا ثُمَّ حُرِّمَ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ لِمَعْنًى فِيهِ بَلْ لَوْ كَانَ الْعِلَّةُ الْمَعْنَى لَمْ يَكُنِ التَّحْرِيمُ لَهُ أَوْلَى مِنَ التَّحْلِيلِ
وَ لَمَا فَسَدَ هَذَا الْوَجْهُ مِنْ دَعْوَاهُمْ عَلِمْنَا أَنَّهُ لِمَعْنَى أَنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى إِنَّمَا حَرَّمَ الْأَشْيَاءَ لِمَصْلَحَةِ الْخَلْقِ- لَا لِلْعِلَّةِ الَّتِي فِيهَا وَ نَحْنُ إِنَّمَا نَنْفِي الْقَوْلَ بِالاجْتِهَادِ لِأَنَّ الْحَقَّ عِنْدَنَا مِمَّا قدمناه قَدَّمْنَا ذِكْرَهُ مِنَ الْأُصُولِ الَّتِي نَصَبَهَا اللَّهُ تَعَالَى
وَ الدَّلَائِلِ الَّتِي أَقَامَهَا لَنَا- كَالْكِتَابِ وَ السُّنَّةِ وَ الْإِمَامِ الْحُجَّةِ وَ لَنْ يَخْلُوَ الْخَلْقُ عِنْدَنَا مِنْ أَحَدِ هَذِهِ الْأَرْبَعَةِ وُجُوهٍ الَّتِي ذَكَرْنَاهَا وَ مَا خَالَفَهَا فَبَاطِلٌ
وَ أَمَّا اعْتِلَالُهُمْ بِمَا اعْتَلُّوا بِهِ مِنْ شَطْرِ الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ وَ الْبَيْتِ فَمُسْتَحِيلٌ بَيِّنُ الْخَطَإِ لِأَنَّ مَعْنَى شَطْرِهِ نَحْوُهُ فَبَطَلَ الِاجْتِهَادُ فِيهِ وَ زَعَمُوا أَنَّ عَلَى الَّذِي لَمْ يَهْتَدِ إِلَى الْأَدِلَّةِ وَ الْأَعْلَامِ الْمَنْصُوصَةِ لِلْقِبْلَةِ أَنْ يَسْتَعْمِلَ رَأْيَهُ حَتَّى يُصِيبَ بِغَايَةِ اجْتِهَادِهِ وَ لَمْ يَقُولُوا حَتَّى يُصِيبَ نَحْوَ تَوَجُّهِهِ إِلَيْهِ
وَ قَدْ قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَ‏ وَ حَيْثُ ما كُنْتُمْ فَوَلُّوا وُجُوهَكُمْ شَطْرَهُ‏ يَعْنِي تَعَالَى عَلَى نُصُبٍ مِنَ الْعَلَامَاتِ وَ الْأَدِلَّةِ وَ هِيَ الَّتِي نَصَّ عَلَى حُكْمِهَا بِذِكْرِ الْعَلَامَاتِ وَ النُّجُومِ فِي ظَاهِرِ الْآيَةِ
ثُمَّ قَالَ تَعَالَى‏ وَ إِنَّ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْكِتابَ لَيَعْلَمُونَ أَنَّهُ الْحَقُّ مِنْ رَبِّهِمْ‏ وَ لَمْ يَقُلْ وَ إِنَّ الَّذِينَ اضْطُرُّوا إِلَى الِاجْتِهَادِ فَدَلَّ عَلَى أَنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى أَوْجَبَ عَلَيْهِمُ اسْتِعْمَالَ الدَّلِيلِ فِي التَّوَجُّهِ وَ عِنْدَ الِاشْتِبَاهِ عَلَيْهِمْ لِإِصَابَةِ الْحَقِّ
فَمَعْنَى شَطْرِهِ نَحْوُهُ يَعْنِي تَعَالَى نَحْوَ عَلَامَاتِهِ الْمَنْصُوصَةِ عَلَيْهِ وَ مَعْنَى شَطْرِهِ نَحْوُهُ إِنْ كَانَ مَرْئِيّاً وَ بِالدَّلَائِلِ وَ الْأَعْلَامِ إِنْ كَانَ مَحْجُوباً فَلَوْ عُلِمَتِ الْقِبْلَةُ الْوَاجِبُ اسْتِقْبَالُهَا وَ التَّوَلِّي وَ التَّوَجُّهُ إِلَيْهَا
وَ لَمْ يَكُنِ الدَّلِيلُ عَلَيْهَا مَوْجُوداً حَتَّى اسْتَوَى ال

✦ Traduction

llah-azwj, to Burden His-azwj servants with that. And if it is allegorical based on a principle, that principle cannot be fundamentally prohibited for the benefit of creation or for a specific meaning inherent within it. If it is prohibited for a specific meaning inherent within it, then it was Permissible before that, then it was Prohibited after that for a meaning regarding it, and if the reason of the meaning did not happen to be the Prohibition of it, it would be foremost being from the Permissible. And when this aspect of their claim is spoilt, we know that Allah-azwj the Exalted has rather Prohibited the things for betterment of the people, not for the reason which is in it. But rather, we negate the word (belief) in the Ijtihad because the truth in our view is from what he has previously mentioned, from the principles which Allah-azwj the Exalted has Established. And the evidence’s which He-azwj Established for us, like the Book and the Sunnah and the Imam-asws, the Divine Authority, and in our view the people are not vacant from one of these four aspects which we have mention, and whatever opposes it is false. As for their claiming that what they aimed for of a part of the Sacred Masjid and the Kaaba is impossible to determine the error clearly, because the meaning of their aiming is similar to it, therefore, their exertion of Ijtihad regarding it is invalid. They claimed that whoever does not follow the evidence and the explicit indicators of the Qibla should use his opinion until he achieves the utmost of his Ijtihad, and they did not say until he achieves something approximate to his direction towards it. And Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic has Said: and wherever you are, turn your faces towards it, [2: 150]. The Exalted Meant towards a portion of the Signs and the evidence, and it is which Allah-azwj has Texted upon its ruling by Mentioning the signs and the stars in the apparent Verse. Then the Exalted Said: And those who have been Given the Book are knowing that it is the Truth from their Lord; [2: 144], and He-azwj did not Say: ‘And those who are desperate to the Ijtihad’. Its evidence upon that Allah-azwj the Exalted Obligated upon them using the evidence regarding the orientation and during the matters doubtful upon them in order to attain the truth. So, the meaning of ‘part’ is approximately (towards it). The Exalted Means towards His-azwj signs, the texted upon, and the meaning of turning towards it if it is visible, is with evidence and indicators, and if it is concealed, then even if the obligatory Qibla is known to them, facing it and turning towards it (should be based on evidence and indicators). If the evidence for it is not available until all directions become equal to him, then he should pray based on his own effort and choose where he prefers until he is certain about the clarification of the established evidence and the indicated signs. If someone deviates from this, as we have mentioned, to the extent of making the east as west and the west as east, the meaning of his Ijtihad is annulled, and his belief becomes corrupted. And it has come from the Prophet-saww a Hadeeth unanimously agreed upon, that the established evidence pointing to the Kabah is not entirely nullified by a certai

N° hadith1
Volume90
Chapitre128
LivreBihar al-Anwar
AuteurAllamah al-Majlisi
💡 Noor IA

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