تَفْسِيرُ سَعْدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، بِرِوَايَةِ ابْنِ قُولَوَيْهِ عَنْهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ إِلَى الصَّادِقِ ع قَالَ قَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ لَمَّا بُعِثَ كَانَتِ الْقِبْلَةُ إِلَى بَيْتِ الْمَقْدِسِ عَلَى سُنَّةِ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ وَ ذَلِكَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى أَخْبَرَنَا فِي الْقُرْآنِ أَنَّهُ أَمَرَ مُوسَى بْنَ عِمْرَانَ ع أَنْ يَجْعَلَ بَيْتَهُ قِبْلَةً فِي قَوْلِهِ وَ أَوْحَيْنا إِلى مُوسى وَ أَخِيهِ أَنْ تَبَوَّءا لِقَوْمِكُما بِمِصْرَ بُيُوتاً وَ اجْعَلُوا بُيُوتَكُمْ قِبْلَةً
وَ كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص عَلَى هَذَا يُصَلِّي إِلَى بَيْتِ الْمَقْدِسِ مُدَّةَ مُقَامِهِ بِمَكَّةَ وَ بَعْدَ الْهِجْرَةِ أَشْهُراً حَتَّى عَيَّرَتْهُ الْيَهُودُ وَ قَالُوا أَنْتَ تَابِعٌ لَنَا تُصَلِّي إِلَى قِبْلَتِنَا وَ بُيُوتِ نَبِيِّنَا
فَاغْتَمَّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص لِذَلِكَ وَ أَحَبَّ أَنْ يُحَوِّلَ اللَّهُ قِبْلَتَهُ إِلَى الْكَعْبَةِ وَ كَانَ يَنْظُرُ فِي آفَاقِ السَّمَاءِ يَنْتَظِرُ أَمْرَ اللَّهِ فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ قَدْ نَرى تَقَلُّبَ وَجْهِكَ فِي السَّماءِ إِلَى قَوْلِهِ لِئَلَّا يَكُونَ لِلنَّاسِ عَلَيْكُمْ حُجَّةٌ يَعْنِي الْيَهُودَ
ثُمَّ أَخْبَرَ لِأَيِّ عِلَّةٍ لَمْ يُحَوِّلْ قِبْلَتَهُ فِي أَوَّلِ النُّبُوَّةِ فَقَالَ وَ ما جَعَلْنَا الْقِبْلَةَ الَّتِي كُنْتَ عَلَيْها الْآيَةَ
فَقَالُوا يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ فَصَلَاتُنَا الَّتِي صَلَّيْنَاهَا إِلَى بَيْتِ الْمَقْدِسِ مَا حَالُهَا فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ وَ ما كانَ اللَّهُ لِيُضِيعَ إِيمانَكُمْ إِنَّ اللَّهَ بِالنَّاسِ لَرَؤُفٌ رَحِيمٌ
وَ قَالَ فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ فِيمَا فَرَضَ اللَّهُ عَلَى الْجَوَارِحِ مِنَ الطَّهُورِ وَ الصَّلَاةِ وَ ذَلِكَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى لَمَّا صَرَفَ نَبِيَّهُ إِلَى الْكَعْبَةِ عَنْ بَيْتِ الْمَقْدِسِ قَالَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ لِلنَّبِيِّ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَ رَأَيْتَ صَلَاتَنَا الَّتِي كُنَّا نُصَلِّي إِلَى بَيْتِ الْمَقْدِسِ مَا حَالُهَا وَ حَالُنَا فِيهَا وَ حَالُ مَنْ مَضَى مِنْ أَمْوَاتِنَا وَ هُمْ يُصَلُّونَ إِلَى بَيْتِ الْمَقْدِسِ
فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَ وَ ما كانَ اللَّهُ لِيُضِيعَ إِيمانَكُمْ فَسَمَّى اللَّهُ الصَّلَاةَ إِيمَاناً. فصل في ذكر وجوب التوجه إلى القبلة
وَ رَوَى أَبُو بَصِيرٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ فَأَقِمْ وَجْهَكَ
Tafseer of Sa’ad Bin Abdullah, by a report by Ibn Qawlawiyah, from him, by his chain to, ‘Al-Sadiq-asws said: ‘Amir Al-Momineen-asws said: ‘When Rasool-Allah-saww was Sent, the Qiblah was towards Bayt Al-Maqdis, based upon the Sunnah (conduct) of the children of Israel, and that is because Allah-azwj Blessed and Exalted has Informed us in the Quran that He-azwj had Commanded Musa Bin Imran-as to make his-as house as Qiblah, in His-azwj Words: And We Revealed unto Musa and his brother, saying: “Provide houses for your people in Egypt and make your (own) houses as a Qiblah (Direction) [10: 87]. And Rasool-Allah-saww, based upon this, used to pray Salat towards Bayt Al-Maqdis for the period of his-saww stay in Makkah and months after the Emigration, until the Jews faulted him‑saww and they said, ‘You-saww are a follower of ours. You-saww are praying towards our Qiblah and houses of our Prophet-as! ’
Rasool-Allah-saww was saddened at that and he (s. aw. ) loved it if Allah-azwj would Transfer his‑saww Qiblah towards the Kabah, and he kept looking at horizons of the sky awaiting the Command of Allah-azwj. Allah-azwj Revealed unto him-saww: We have Seen the turning of your face towards the sky, [2: 144] – up to His-azwj Word: so that people shall have no accusation against you all, [2: 150] – meaning the Jews. Then He-azwj Informed for which reason his-saww Qiblah had not been Transferred in the beginning of his-saww Prophet-hood. He-azwj Said: And We did not Make the Qiblah which you were upon [2: 143] – the Verse. They said, ‘O Rasool-Allah-saww! We had prayed Salat which we had prayed towards Bayt Al-Maqdis, what is it’s state? ’ So Allah-azwj Revealed: And Allah will not Waste your Eman, as Allah is Affectionate, Merciful with the people [2: 143]’. And he-asws said in another place regarding what Allah-azwj has Imposed upon the limbs, from the cleanliness and the Salat, and that is because when Allah-azwj Blessed and Exalted Turned His-azwj Prophet-saww towards the Kabah away from Bayt Al-Maqdis, the Muslims said to the Prophet-saww, ‘O Rasool-Allah-saww! What is your-saww view of our Salas which we had prayed towards Bayt Al-Maqdis? What is their state and our state regarding it, and state of the one from our dead ones passed away, and they had been praying Salat towards Bayt Al-Maqdis? ’
Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Revealed: And Allah will not Waste your Eman, [2: 143]. Allah‑azwj Named the Salat as Eman’’. [110]
Detail regarding mention of obligation of facing towards th
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