Hadith 71
الحديث 40
Bihar al-Anwar · Allamah al-Majlisi
وَ رَوَى الْعَلَّامَةُ فِي كَشْكُولِهِ- الْمَنْسُوبِ إِلَيْهِ- عَنِ الْمُفَضَّلِ بْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ: قَالَ مَوْلَايَ جَعْفَرٌ الصَّادِقُ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ: لَمَّا وُلِّيَ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي قُحَافَةَ قَالَ لَهُ عُمَرُ: إِنَّ النَّاسَ عَبِيدُ هَذِهِ الدُّنْيَا لَا يُرِيدُونَ غَيْرَهَا، فَامْنَعْ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ وَ أَهْلِ بَيْتِهِ الْخُمُسَ، وَ الْفَيْءَ، وَ فَدَكاً، فَإِنَّ شِيعَتَهُ إِذَا عَلِمُوا ذَلِكَ تَرَكُوا عَلِيّاً وَ أَقْبَلُوا إِلَيْكَ رَغْبَةً فِي الدُّنْيَا وَ إِيثَاراً وَ مُحَابَاةً عَلَيْهَا،
فَفَعَلَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ ذَلِكَ وَ صَرَفَ عَنْهُمْ جَمِيعَ ذَلِكَ. فَلَمَّا قَامَ- أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي قُحَافَةَ- أَمَرَ مُنَادِيَهُ: مَنْ كَانَ لَهُ عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ (ص) دَيْنٌ أَوْ عِدَةٌ فَلْيَأْتِنِي حَتَّى أَقْضِيَهُ، وَ أَنْجَزَ لِجَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ وَ لِجَرِيرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْبَجَلِيِّ. قَالَ: [قَالَ] عَلِيٌّ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ لِفَاطِمَةَ عَلَيْهَا السَّلَامُ: صِيرِي إِلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ وَ ذَكِّرِيهِ فَدَكاً، فَصَارَتْ فَاطِمَةُ إِلَيْهِ وَ ذَكَرَتْ لَهُ فَدَكاً مَعَ الْخُمُسِ وَ الْفَيْءِ، فَقَالَ: هَاتِي بَيِّنَةً يَا بِنْتَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ. فَقَالَتْ: أَمَّا فَدَكُ، فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ أَنْزَلَ عَلَى نَبِيِّهِ قُرْآناً يَأْمُرُ فِيهِ بِأَنْ يُؤْتِيَنِي وَ وُلْدِي حَقِّي، قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: فَآتِ ذَا الْقُرْبى حَقَّهُ فَكُنْتُ أَنَا وَ وُلْدِي أَقْرَبَ الْخَلَائِقِ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ (ص) فَنَحَلَنِي وَ وُلْدِي فَدَكاً،
فَلَمَّا تَلَا عَلَيْهِ جَبْرَئِيلُ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ: وَ الْمِسْكِينَ وَ ابْنَ السَّبِيلِ، قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ: مَا حَقُّ الْمِسْكِينِ وَ ابْنِ السَّبِيلِ؟
فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: وَ اعْلَمُوا أَنَّما غَنِمْتُمْ مِنْ شَيْءٍ فَأَنَّ لِلَّهِ خُمُسَهُ وَ لِلرَّسُولِ وَ لِذِي الْقُرْبى وَ الْيَتامى وَ الْمَساكِينِ وَ ابْنِ السَّبِيلِ، فَقَسَمَ الْخُمُسَ عَلَى خَمْسَةِ أَقْسَامٍ،
فَقَالَ: ما أَفاءَ اللَّهُ عَلى رَسُولِهِ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْقُرى فَلِلَّهِ وَ لِلرَّسُولِ وَ لِذِي الْقُرْبى وَ الْيَتامى وَ الْمَساكِينِ وَ ابْنِ السَّبِيلِ كَيْ لا يَكُونَ دُولَةً بَيْنَ الْأَغْنِياءِ
فَمَا لِلَّهِ فَهُوَ لِرَسُولِهِ، وَ مَا لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ فَهُوَ لِذِي الْقُرْبَى، وَ نَحْنُ ذُو الْقُرْبَى. قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: قُلْ لا أَسْئَلُكُمْ عَلَيْهِ أَجْراً إِلَّا الْمَوَدَّةَ فِي الْقُرْبى. فَنَظَرَ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي قُحَافَةَ إِلَى عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ وَ قَالَ: مَا تَقُولُ؟ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: وَ مَنِ الْيَتَامَى وَ الْمَسَاكِينُ وَ أَبْنَاءُ السَّبِيلِ؟
فَقَالَتْ فَاطِمَةُ (ع)
And it is reported by the Allama in his (book) Kashkoul – attributed to him – from Al Mufazzal Bin Umar who said, ‘My Master-asws Ja’far Al-Sadiq-asws said: ‘When Abu Bakr Bin Quhafa became ruler, Umar said to him, ‘The people are slaves of this world, not wanting anything other than it, so prevent the Khums from Ali-asws and his-asws family, and the war booty (Al-Fey), and Fadak, for when his-asws Shias come to know that, they will leave Ali-asws and come to you being desirous regarding the world, and the preference and the awards upon it’. Abu Bakr did that and turned the entirety of that away from them. When Abu Bakr Bin Abu Quhafa stood, he instructed his caller (to call out), ‘One who had any debts for him with Rasool-Allah-saww or any equipment, so let him come to me, until I fulfil it! ’ And he fulfilled for Jabir Bin Abdullah and for Jabir Bin Abdullah Al-Bajali. He-asws said: ‘Ali-asws said to (Syeda) Fatima-asws: ‘Go to Abu Bakr and remind him of Fadak’. (Syeda) Fatima-asws went to him and mentioned Fadak to him, along with the Khums and the war booty (Al-Fey). He said, ‘Give me proof, O daughter-asws of Rasool-Allah-saww’. She-asws said: ‘As for Fadak, Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Revealed Quran unto His-azwj Prophet-saww for the matter of his-saww ‘Fey’, and I-asws and my-asws children would get my-asws right. Allah-azwj the Exalted Said: ‘Therefore, give to the near of kin his due, [30: 38]. So, I-asws and my-asws children are the nearest of the people to Rasool-Allah-saww (in kinship), so release Fadak for me-asws and my-asws children’. When Jibraeel-as recited to him-saww: ‘and (to) the needy and the wayfarer. [30: 38], Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘What is the right of the needy and the wayfarer? ’
Allah-azwj the Exalted Revealed: And know that whatever booty you gain from anything, so a fifth of it is for Allah, and for the Rasool, and for the near of kin, and the orphans, and the needy and the wayfarer, [8: 41], thus he-saww divided the Khums upon five divisions. He-azwj Said: Whatever Allah Bestows upon His Rasool from the people of the towns, so it is for Allah and His Rasool, and for the near of kin, and the orphans, and the poor, and the travellers, so that it would not happen to be circulated between the rich ones from you. [59: 7]. Thus, whatever is for Allah-azwj, so it is for His-azwj Rasool-saww, and whatever is for Rasool-Allah-azwj, so it is for the near of kin, and we-asws are the near of kin. Allah-azwj the Exalted Said: ‘Say: ‘I do not ask you for recompense over it, except for the cordiality to be for my relatives’. [42: 23]. Abu Bakr Bin Abu Quhafa looked at Umar Bin Al-Khattab and said, ‘What are you saying? ’ Umar said, ‘And who are the orphans, and the needy and the wayfarers? ’
(Syeda) Fatima-asws said: ‘The orphans are those orphaned being with Allah-azwj and His-azwj Rasool-saww and with the near of kin, and the
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