َكِنَّهُمْ أَمَرُوهُمْ وَ نَهَوْهُمْ فَأَطَاعُوهُمْ وَ قَدْ حَرَّمُوا عَلَيْهِمْ حَلَالًا وَ أَحَلُّوا لَهُمْ حَرَاماً فَعَبَدُوهُمْ مِنْ حَيْثُ لَا يَعْلَمُونَ فَهَذَا شِرْكُ الْأَعْمَالِ وَ الطَّاعَاتِ
وَ أَمَّا الْوَجْهُ الثَّالِثُ مِنَ الشِّرْكِ شِرْكُ الزِّنَا قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى وَ شارِكْهُمْ فِي الْأَمْوالِ وَ الْأَوْلادِ فَمَنْ أَطَاعَ نَاطِقاً فَقَدْ عَبَدَهُ فَإِنْ كَانَ النَّاطِقُ يَنْطِقُ عَنِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى فَقَدْ عَبَدَ اللَّهَ وَ إِنْ كَانَ يَنْطِقُ عَنْ غَيْرِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى فَقَدْ عَبَدَ غَيْرَ اللَّهِ
وَ أَمَّا الْوَجْهُ الرَّابِعُ مِنَ الشِّرْكِ فَهُوَ شِرْكُ الرِّيَاءِ قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى فَمَنْ كانَ يَرْجُوا لِقاءَ رَبِّهِ فَلْيَعْمَلْ عَمَلًا صالِحاً وَ لا يُشْرِكْ بِعِبادَةِ رَبِّهِ أَحَداً
فَهَؤُلَاءِ صَامُوا وَ صَلَّوْا وَ اسْتَعْمَلُوا أَنْفُسَهُمْ بِأَعْمَالِ أَهْلِ الْخَيْرِ إِلَّا أَنَّهُمْ يُرِيدُونَ بِهِ رِئَاءَ النَّاسِ فَأَشْرَكُوا لِمَا أَتَوْهُ مِنَ الرِّيَاءِ
فَهَذِهِ جُمْلَةُ وُجُوهِ الشِّرْكِ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى
وَ أَمَّا مَا ذُكِرَ مِنَ الظُّلْمِ فِي كِتَابِهِ فَوُجُوهٌ شَتَّى فَمِنْهَا مَا حَكَاهُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى عَنْ قَوْلِ لُقْمَانَ لِابْنِهِ- يا بُنَيَّ لا تُشْرِكْ بِاللَّهِ إِنَّ الشِّرْكَ لَظُلْمٌ عَظِيمٌ
وَ مِنَ الظُّلْمِ مَظَالِمُ النَّاسِ فِيمَا بَيْنَهُمْ مِنْ مُعَامَلَاتِ الدُّنْيَا وَ هِيَ شَتَّى قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى- وَ لَوْ تَرى إِذِ الظَّالِمُونَ فِي غَمَراتِ الْمَوْتِ وَ الْمَلائِكَةُ باسِطُوا أَيْدِيهِمْ أَخْرِجُوا أَنْفُسَكُمُ- الْيَوْمَ تُجْزَوْنَ عَذابَ الْهُونِ بِما كُنْتُمْ تَقُولُونَ الْآيَةَ
فَأَمَّا الرَّدُّ عَلَى مَنْ أَنْكَرَ زِيَادَةَ الْكُفْرِ فَمِنْ ذَلِكَ قَوْلُ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فِي كِتَابِهِ إِنَّمَا النَّسِيءُ زِيادَةٌ فِي الْكُفْرِ وَ قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى وَ أَمَّا الَّذِينَ فِي قُلُوبِهِمْ مَرَضٌ فَزادَتْهُمْ رِجْساً إِلَى رِجْسِهِمْ وَ ماتُوا وَ هُمْ كافِرُونَ وَ قَوْلُهُ إِنَّ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا ثُمَّ كَفَرُوا ثُمَّ آمَنُوا ثُمَّ كَفَرُوا ثُمَّ ازْدادُوا كُفْراً الْآيَةَ وَ غَيْرُ ذَلِكَ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ
وَ أَمَّا مَا فَرَضَهُ سُبْحَانَهُ مِنَ الْفَرَائِضِ فِي كِتَابِهِ فَدَعَائِمُ الْإِسْلَامِ وَ هِيَ خَمْسُ دَعَائِمَ وَ عَلَى هَذِهِ الْفَرَائِضِ الْخَمْسَةِ بُنِيَ الْإِسْلَامُ فَجَعَلَ سُبْحَانَهُ لِكُلِّ فَرِيضَةٍ مِنْ هَذِهِ الْفَرَائِضِ أَرْبَعَةَ حُدُودٍ- لَا يَسَعُ أَحَداً جَهْلُهَا
أَوَّلُهَا الصَّلَاةُ ثُمَّ الزَّكَاةُ ثُمَّ الصِّيَامُ ثُمَّ الْحَجُّ ثُمَّ الْوَلَايَةُ وَ هِيَ خَاتِمَتُهَا وَ الْحَافِظَةُ لِجَمِيعِ الْفَرَائِضِ وَ السُّنَنِ فَحُدُودُ الصَّلَاةِ أَرْبَعَةٌ مَعْرِفَةُ الْوَقْتِ وَ التَّوَجُّهُ إِلَى الْقِبْلَةِ وَ الرُّكُوعُ وَ السُّجُودُ وَ هَذِهِ عَوَامُّ فِي جَمِيعِ النَّاسِ الْعَالِمِ وَ الْجَاهِلِ وَ مَا
from you all. And Words of the Exalted: ‘But rather, you took to idols from besides Allah as a cordiality amongst you in the life of the world. Then, on the Day of Judgment, some of you would be denying others and would be cursing each other, [29: 25] – the Verse. And as for the fifth aspect of Kufr, and it is Kufr of the bounties. Allah-azwj the Exalted Said from the words of Suleyman-as: ‘This is from the Grace of my Lord to Try me whether I am grateful or ungrateful. [27: 40] – the Verse. And Words of the Mighty and Majestic: “If you are grateful, I would Increase it for you, and if you are ungrateful, then My Punishment is Severe” [14: 7]; and the Exalted Said: Therefore, remember Me, I will remember you, and be thankful to Me, and do not be disbelieving [2: 152]. As for what has come from mention of the Shirk (Polytheism/association with Allah-azwj) in the Book of Allah-azwj the Exalted, it is from four aspects: –
Words of the Exalted: They have committed Kufr, those who are saying, ‘Allah, He is the Messiah son of Maryam’; and the Messiah said, ‘O Children of Israel! Worship Allah (Who is) my Lord and your Lord’. It is such that the one who associates with Allah, so Allah would Prohibited the Paradise unto him and his abode would be the Fire, and there would not be (any) helpers for the unjust ones [5: 72]. This is the Shirk of the word and the description. And as for the second aspect of the Shirk, it is Shirk of the deeds. Allah-azwj the Exalted Said: And most of them do not believe in Allah except and they are associating [12: 106]. And Words of the Glorious: They are taking their Rabbis and their Monks as lords besides Allah, [9: 31], based upon that they did not fast for them and did not pray (for them), but they (priests) commanded them and prohibited them, so they (people) obeyed them, and they prohibited the Permissible upon them, and they permitted for them Prohibitions. Thus, they worshipped them from whereby they did not know. So, this is Shirk of the actions and the obedience. And as for the third aspect of the Shirk, is Shirk of the adultery. Allah-azwj the Exalted Said: and participate in their wealth and their children [17: 64]. One who obeys a speaker, has worshipped him. If the speaker was speaking on behalf of Allah-azwj the Exalted, he has worshipped Allah-azwj, and if he was speaking on behalf of other than Allah-azwj the Exalted, has worshipped other than Allah-azwj. And as for the fourth aspect of the Shirk, it is Shirk of the showing off. Allah-azwj the Exalted Said: So, the one who wishes to meet his Lord, so let him do (the) righteous deed and he should not associate anyone with the worship of his Lord’ [18: 110]. They fasted and prayed, and utilised themselves with the actions of the good people, except that they were intending to show-off by it. So they associated due to what they committed from the showing off. These are the total aspects of Shirk in the Book of Allah-azwj the Exalted. And as for what He-azwj Mentioned of the injustice in His-azwj, it is of various aspects. From these is what is what Allah-azwj the Exalted has Narrated about the words of Luqman-as to his-as son: ‘O my son! Do not associate with Allah, surely, the association is a gross injustice [31: 13]. And
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