ا إِلَى السَّلْمِ وَ أَنْتُمُ الْأَعْلَوْنَ وَ اللَّهُ مَعَكُمْ وَ لَنْ يَتِرَكُمْ أَعْمالَكُمْ فَنَسَخَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ الَّتِي أَذِنَ لَهُمْ فِيهَا أَنْ يَجْنَحُوا
ثُمَّ أَنْزَلَ سُبْحَانَهُ فِي آخِرِ السُّورَةِ- فَاقْتُلُوا الْمُشْرِكِينَ حَيْثُ وَجَدْتُمُوهُمْ وَ خُذُوهُمْ وَ احْصُرُوهُمْ إِلَى آخِرِ الْآيَةِ وَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى فَرَضَ الْقِتَالَ عَلَى الْأُمَّةِ فَجَعَلَ عَلَى الرَّجُلِ الْوَاحِدِ أَنْ يُقَاتِلَ عَشَرَةً مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ فَقَالَ إِنْ يَكُنْ مِنْكُمْ عِشْرُونَ صابِرُونَ يَغْلِبُوا مِائَتَيْنِ إِلَى آخِرِ الْآيَةِ
ثُمَّ نَسَخَهَا سُبْحَانَهُ فَقَالَ- الْآنَ خَفَّفَ اللَّهُ عَنْكُمْ وَ عَلِمَ أَنَّ فِيكُمْ ضَعْفاً فَإِنْ يَكُنْ مِنْكُمْ مِائَةٌ صابِرَةٌ يَغْلِبُوا مِائَتَيْنِ إِلَى آخِرِ الْآيَةِ فَنَسَخَ بِهَذِهِ الْآيَةِ مَا قَبْلَهَا
فَصَارَ مَنْ فَرَّ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ فِي الْحَرْبِ إِنْ كَانَ عِدَّةُ الْمُشْرِكِينَ أَكْثَرَ مِنْ رَجُلَيْنِ لِرَجُلٍ لَمْ يَكُنْ فَارّاً مِنَ الزَّحْفِ وَ إِنْ كَانَ الْعِدَّةُ رَجُلَيْنِ لِرَجُلٍ فَارّاً مِنَ الزَّحْفِ
وَ قَالَ وَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ نَوْعٌ آخَرُ وَ هُوَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص لَمَّا هَاجَرَ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ آخَى بَيْنَ أَصْحَابِهِ مِنَ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ وَ الْأَنْصَارِ وَ جَعَلَ الْمَوَارِيثَ عَلَى الْأُخُوَّةِ فِي الدِّينِ لَا فِي مِيرَاثِ الْأَرْحَامِ وَ ذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى
إِنَّ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَ هاجَرُوا وَ جاهَدُوا … فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ وَ الَّذِينَ آوَوْا وَ نَصَرُوا أُولئِكَ بَعْضُهُمْ أَوْلِياءُ بَعْضٍ إِلَى قَوْلِهِ سُبْحَانَهُ- وَ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَ لَمْ يُهاجِرُوا ما لَكُمْ مِنْ وَلايَتِهِمْ مِنْ شَيْءٍ حَتَّى يُهاجِرُوا فَأَخْرَجَ الْأَقَارِبَ مِنَ الْمِيرَاثِ وَ أَثْبَتَهُ لِأَهْلِ الْهِجْرَةِ وَ أَهْلِ الدِّينِ خَاصَّةً
ثُمَّ عَطَفَ بِالْقَوْلِ فَقَالَ تَعَالَى- وَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا بَعْضُهُمْ أَوْلِياءُ بَعْضٍ إِلَّا تَفْعَلُوهُ تَكُنْ فِتْنَةٌ فِي الْأَرْضِ وَ فَسادٌ كَبِيرٌ فَكَانَ مَنْ مَاتَ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ يَصِيرُ مِيرَاثُهُ وَ تَرِكَتُهُ لِأَخِيهِ فِي الدِّينِ دُونَ الْقَرَابَةِ وَ الرَّحِمِ الْوَشِيجَةِ
فَلَمَّا قَوِيَ الْإِسْلَامُ أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ النَّبِيُّ أَوْلى بِالْمُؤْمِنِينَ مِنْ أَنْفُسِهِمْ وَ أَزْواجُهُ أُمَّهاتُهُمْ وَ أُولُوا الْأَرْحامِ بَعْضُهُمْ أَوْلى بِبَعْضٍ فِي كِتابِ اللَّهِ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَ الْمُهاجِرِينَ إِلَّا أَنْ تَفْعَلُوا إِلى أَوْلِيائِكُمْ مَعْرُوفاً كانَ ذلِكَ فِي الْكِتابِ مَسْطُوراً فَهَذَا الْمَعْنَى نَسَخَ آيَةَ الْمِيرَاثِ
وَ مِنْهُ وَجْهٌ آخَرُ وَ هُوَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص لَمَّا بُعِثَ كَانَتِ الصَّلَاةُ إِلَى قِبْلَةِ بَيْتِ الْمَقْدِسِ سُنَّةَ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ وَ قَدْ أَخْبَرَنَا اللَّهُ بِمَا قَصَّهُ فِي ذِكْرِ مُوسَى ع أَنْ يَجْعَلَ بَيْتَهُ قِبْلَةً وَ ه
air, nor apply perfume, nor get married for a year! ’
So, they were not letting her out from her hour, but they were sufficing upon her from having neglected her husband for a year. So, Allah-azwj the Exalted Revealed in beginning of: And those of you who are dying and leaving wives (as widows), should bequeath to their wives a provision to the year without expulsion. [2: 240]. When was strong, Allah-azwj the Exalted Revealed: And those of you who are dying and leaving wives (as widows), they shall wait with themselves for four months and ten (days); so when they reach their (end of) term, then there is no blame upon you [2: 234] – up to end of the Verse’. He-asws said: ‘And from that is that when Allah-azwj Blessed and Exalted Send Muhammad-saww, Commanded him-saww in the beginning of his-saww matter that he-saww should call with the calling (inviting) only, and Revealed upon him-saww: –
O Prophet! Surely, We have Sent you as a witness, and as a bearer of glad tidings and as a warner [33: 45] And as one inviting to Allah by His Permission, and as an illuminating lamp [33: 46] And give glad tidings to the Momineen that for them would be a great Grace from Allah [33: 47] And do not obey the Kafirs and the hypocrites, and leave their hurtful (talk), and rely upon Allah, and suffice with Allah as a Protector [33: 48]. Allah-azwj the Exalted Sent him-saww with the calling (inviting) only, and Commanded him-saww not to hurt them. When they intended him-saww with whatever (harm) they intended him-saww with (during) his-saww night, Allah-azwj the Exalted Commanded him-saww with the emigrating and Imposed the battling upon him-saww. The Glorious Said: There is Permission (to fight) for those who are fought against because they are oppressed, and surely Allah is Able upon Helping them [22: 39]. When he-saww ordered the people with emigrating, and they feared, Allah-azwj the Exalted Revealed: Have you not seen those to whom it was said: ‘Restrain your hands, and establish the Salat and give the Zakat; but when fighting is Prescribed upon them, then a group of them are fearing the people like fearing Allah or more intense fear, and they are saying, ‘Our Lord! Why did You Prescribe the fighting upon us? If only You had delayed it for us to a near term’ [4: 77] – up to Words of the Glorious: Wherever you may happen to be, the death will overtake you, and even if you are in lofty towers; [4: 78]. The Verses of the fighting (battling) Abrogated Verses of the restraint. When it was the Day of (battle of) Badr and Allah-azwj the Exalted Recognised troubles of the Muslims, He-azwj Revealed unto His-azwj Prophet-saww: And if they incline towards peace, then incline to it and rely upon Allah; surely, He is the Hearing, the Knowing [8: 61]. When was strong and the Muslims were a lot, Allah-azwj the Exalted Revealed: So do not slacken and call to the peace while you are on top, and Allah is with you and will never Deprive you for your deeds [47: 35]. This Verse Abrogated that in which they were allowed to inclining to peace. Then the Glorious Revealed at the end of the Chapter: then kill the Polytheists wherever you find them, and take them as captives and besiege them. [9: 5] – up to end of the Verse; and from that is that Allah-az
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