َ الْإِقْرَارُ لِلرَّسُولِ بِالرِّسَالَةِ وَ أَنَّ طَاعَتَهُمَا وَ مَعْرِفَتَهُمَا مَقْرُونَتَانِ وَ لِأَنَّ أَصْلَ الْإِيمَانِ إِنَّمَا هُوَ الشَّهَادَةُ فَجُعِلَ شَهَادَتَيْنِ شَهَادَتَيْنِ فِي الْأَذَانِ كَمَا جُعِلَ فِي سَائِرِ الْحُقُوقِ شَهَادَتَيْنِ
فَإِذَا أَقَرَّ لِلَّهِ بِالْوَحْدَانِيَّةِ وَ أَقَرَّ لِلرَّسُولِ بِالرِّسَالَةِ فَقَدْ أَقَرَّ بِجُمْلَةِ الْإِيمَانِ لِأَنَّ أَصْلَ الْإِيمَانِ إِنَّمَا هُوَ الْإِقْرَارُ بِاللَّهِ وَ بِرَسُولِهِ
فَإِنْ قَالَ فَلِمَ جُعِلَ بَعْدَ الشَّهَادَتَيْنِ الدُّعَاءُ إِلَى الصَّلَاةِ
قِيلَ لِأَنَّ الْأَذَانَ إِنَّمَا وُضِعَ لِمَوْضِعِ الصَّلَاةِ وَ إِنَّمَا هُوَ نِدَاءٌ إِلَى الصَّلَاةِ فَجُعِلَ النِّدَاءُ إِلَى الصَّلَاةِ فِي وَسَطِ الْأَذَانِ فَقَدَّمَ الْمُؤَذِّنُ قَبْلَهَا أَرْبَعاً التَّكْبِيرَتَيْنِ وَ الشَّهَادَتَيْنِ وَ أَخَّرَ بَعْدَهَا أَرْبَعاً يَدْعُو إِلَى الْفَلَاحِ حَثّاً عَلَى الْبِرِّ وَ الصَّلَاةِ
ثُمَّ دَعَا إِلَى خَيْرِ الْعَمَلِ مُرَغِّباً فِيهَا وَ فِي عَمَلِهَا وَ فِي أَدَائِهَا ثُمَّ نَادَى بِالتَّكْبِيرِ وَ التَّهْلِيلِ لِيُتِمَّ بَعْدَهَا أَرْبَعاً كَمَا أَتَمَّ قَبْلَهَا أَرْبَعاً وَ لِيَخْتِمَ كَلَامَهُ بِذِكْرِ اللَّهِ كَمَا فَتَحَهُ بِذِكْرِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى
فَإِنْ قَالَ فَلِمَ جُعِلَ آخِرُهَا التَّهْلِيلَ وَ لَمْ يُجْعَلْ آخِرُهَا التَّكْبِيرَ كَمَا جُعِلَ فِي أَوَّلِهَا التَّكْبِيرُ
قِيلَ لِأَنَّ التَّهْلِيلَ اسْمُ اللَّهِ فِي آخِرِهِ فَأَحَبَّ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى أَنْ يَخْتِمَ الْكَلَامَ بِاسْمِهِ كَمَا فَتَحَهُ بِاسْمِهِ
فَإِنْ قَالَ فَلِمَ لَمْ يُجْعَلْ بَدَلَ التَّهْلِيلِ التَّسْبِيحُ أَوِ التَّحْمِيدُ وَ اسْمُ اللَّهِ فِي آخِرِهِمَا
قِيلَ لِأَنَّ التَّهْلِيلَ هُوَ إِقْرَارٌ لِلَّهِ تَعَالَى بِالتَّوْحِيدِ وَ خَلْعُ الْأَنْدَادِ مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ وَ هُوَ أَوَّلُ الْإِيمَانِ وَ أَعْظَمُ مِنَ التَّسْبِيحِ وَ التَّحْمِيدِ.
ty and Majestic with the Oneness, and the second is the acknowledgment to the Rasool-saww with the Message, and obedience and recognition of both been paired; because the origin of the Eman, rather it is the testimony. Therefore, the two testimonies have been made as two testimonies in the Azaan like what has been made to be in rest of the rights of the two testimonies. When he acknowledges to Allah-azwj with the Oneness, and acknowledges to the Rasool-saww with the Message, so he has acknowledge with totality of the Eman, because the origin of Eman, rather it is the acknowledgment with Allah-azwj and with His-azwj Rasool-saww’. If he says, ‘Why as call to the Salat been made to be after the two testimonies? ’
It is said, ‘Because the Azaan, rather it has been placed at the place of the Salat, and rather it is a call to the Salat, so that call to the Salat has been made to be in the middle of the Azaan. The Muezzin precedes four before it, the two Takbeers and the two testimonies, and delayed four after it calling to the success urging upon the righteousness and the Salat. Then he calls to best of the deeds, arousing desire regarding it and in its action and in fulfilling it. Then he calls with the Takbeer and the Tahleel in order to complete four after it, like what four had been complete, and in order to end his speech with Mention of Allah-azwj like what he had begun with the Mention of Allah-azwj the Exalted’. If he says, ‘Why has the Tahleel made to be in its end, and has the Takbeer been made like what the Takbeer has been made to be in its beginning? ’
It will be said, ‘Because the Tahleel, the Name of Allah-azwj is its end. Allah-azwj the Exalted Loved the speech to end with His-azwj Name like what it had begun with His-azwj Name’. If he says, ‘Why has the Tasbeeh (Glorification) made to be in replacement of the Tahleel, or the Tahmeed (Praise) and Name of Allah-azwj in its end’. It will be said, ‘Because the Tahleel, it is acknowledgment to Allah-azwj the Exalted with the Tawheed, and vacating the idols from besides Allah-azwj, and it is the beginning of the Eman, and mightier than the Glorification and the Praise’’. [181]
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