اللَّهِ وَ قَوْلِهِ سُبْحَانَهُ وَ جادِلْهُمْ بِالَّتِي هِيَ أَحْسَنُ وَ مِثْلُ هَذَا كَثِيرٌ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى
وَ أَمَّا الِاحْتِجَاجُ عَلَى الْمُلْحِدِينَ وَ أَصْنَافِ الْمُشْرِكِينَ مِثْلُ قَوْلِهِ حِكَايَةً عَنْ قَوْلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ ع- أَ لَمْ تَرَ إِلَى الَّذِي حَاجَّ إِبْراهِيمَ فِي رَبِّهِ أَنْ آتاهُ اللَّهُ الْمُلْكَ إِلَى آخِرِ الْآيَةِ
وَ قَوْلِهِ سُبْحَانَهُ عَنِ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ فِي مُجَادَلَتِهِمْ لِقَوْمِهِمْ فِي سُورَةِ الْأَعْرَافِ وَ غَيْرِهَا وَ قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى حِكَايَةً عَنْ قَوْمِ نُوحٍ ع يا نُوحُ قَدْ جادَلْتَنا فَأَكْثَرْتَ جِدالَنا فَأْتِنا بِما تَعِدُنا إِنْ كُنْتَ مِنَ الصَّادِقِينَ وَ مِثْلُ هَذَا كَثِيرٌ مَوْجُودٌ فِي مُجَادَلَةِ الْأُمَمِ لِلْأَنْبِيَاءِ
وَ أَمَّا مَا فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى مِنَ الْقَصَصِ عَنِ الْأُمَمِ فَإِنَّهُ يَنْقَسِمُ عَلَى ثَلَاثَةِ أَقْسَامٍ فَمِنْهُ مَا مَضَى وَ مِنْهُ مَا كَانَ فِي عَصْرِهِ وَ مِنْهُ مَا أَخْبَرَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى بِهِ أَنَّهُ يَكُونُ بَعْدَهُ
فَأَمَّا مَا مَضَى فَمَا حَكَاهُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى فَقَالَ- نَحْنُ نَقُصُّ عَلَيْكَ أَحْسَنَ الْقَصَصِ بِما أَوْحَيْنا إِلَيْكَ هذَا الْقُرْآنَ وَ مِنْهُ قَوْلُ مُوسَى لِشُعَيْبٍ فَلَمَّا جاءَهُ وَ قَصَّ عَلَيْهِ الْقَصَصَ قالَ لا تَخَفْ نَجَوْتَ مِنَ الْقَوْمِ الظَّالِمِينَ
وَ مِنْهُ مَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ مِنْ ذِكْرِ شَرَائِعِ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ وَ قَصَصِهِمْ وَ قَصَصِ أُمَمِهِمْ حِكَايَةً عَنْ آدَمَ إِلَى نَبِيِّنَا صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ وَ عَلَيْهِمْ أَجْمَعِينَ
وَ أَمَّا الَّذِي كَانَ فِي عَصْرِ النَّبِيِّ ص فَمِنْهُ مَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى فِي مَغَازِيهِ وَ أَصْحَابِهِ وَ تَوْبِيخِهِمْ وَ مَدْحِ مَنْ مَدَحَ مِنْهُمْ وَ ذَمِّ مَنْ ذَمَّ مِنْهُمْ وَ مَا كَانَ مِنْ خَيْرٍ وَ شَرٍّ وَ قِصَّةِ كُلِّ فَرِيقٍ مِنْهُمْ مِثْلِ مَا قَصَّ مِنْ قِصَّةِ غَزَاةِ بَدْرٍ وَ أُحُدٍ وَ خَيْبَرَ وَ حُنَيْنٍ وَ غَيْرِهَا مِنَ الْمَوَاطِنِ وَ الْحُرُوبِ وَ مُبَاهَلَةِ النَّصَارَى وَ مُحَارَبَةِ الْيَهُودِ وَ غَيْرِهِ مِمَّا لَوْ شُرِحَ لَطَالَ بِهِ الْكِتَابُ
وَ أَمَّا قَصَصُ مَا يَكُونُ بَعْدَهُ فَهُوَ كُلُّ مَا حَدَثَ بَعْدَهُ مِمَّا أَخْبَرَ النَّبِيُّ ص بِهِ وَ مَا لَمْ يُخْبِرْ وَ الْقِيَامَةُ وَ أَشْرَاطُهَا وَ مَا يَكُونُ مِنَ الثَّوَابِ وَ الْعِقَابِ وَ أَشْبَاهِ ذَلِكَ
وَ أَمَّا مَا فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى مِنْ ضَرْبِ الْأَمْثَالِ فَمِثْلُ قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى ضَرَبَ اللَّهُ مَثَلًا كَلِمَةً طَيِّبَةً كَشَجَرَةٍ طَيِّبَةٍ إِلَى آخِرِ الْآيَةِ وَ قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى مَثَلُ ما يُنْفِقُونَ فِي هذِهِ الْحَياةِ الدُّنْيا كَمَثَلِ رِيحٍ فِيها صِرٌّ أَصابَتْ حَرْثَ قَوْمٍ ظَلَمُوا أَنْفُسَهُمْ الْآيَةَ
وَ كَقَوْلِهِ اللَّهُ نُورُ السَّماواتِ وَ الْأَرْضِ مَثَلُ نُورِهِ كَمِشْكاةٍ فِيها مِصْباحٌ إِلَى آخِرِ ال
hat it had earned, and they would not be wronged [2: 281]. And Words of the Exalted: O you people! Fear your Lord and dread the Day when neither will a father avail his son, nor a son avail his father of anything [31: 33] – up to end of the Verse; and Words of the Exalted: And your Lord says: “Supplicate to Me, I will Answer you. Surely those who are too arrogant from worshipping Me would be entering Hell disgraced [40: 60] – the Verse. As for the disputing and its meanings in the Book of Allah-azwj the Exalted: Just as your Lord Caused you to go forth from your house with the Truth, and although a group of the Momineen were unwilling [8: 5] They are disputing with you regarding the Truth after its clarification. It is as if they are being driven to the death and they are looking on [8: 6]. And when Rasool-Allah-saww went out to (battle of) Badr, his-saww going out was in pursuit of the enemy, and he-saww said to his-saww companions: ‘Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic has Promised me-saww that I-saww shall be victorious over the enemy or Quraysh’. So they went out based upon this. When the caravan arrived and Allah-azwj Commanded him-saww with battling Quraysh, he-saww informed his-saww companions. He-saww said: ‘Quraysh have arrived, and Allah-azwj the Glorious has Promised me-saww of one of the two parties that it shall be for you, and has Commanded me-saww with battling Quraysh’. He-asws said: ‘They were alarmed from that and said, ‘O Rasool-Allah-saww! We will not go out to provoke the war! ’
He-asws said: ‘And a group of them frequented the speech and the arguments, so Allah-azwj the Exalted Revealed: And when Allah Promised you one of the two parties that it shall be yours, and you loved that the one without the arms should be yours, – up to His-azwj Words: and to cut off the roots of the Kafirs [8: 7]. And Like Words of the Glorious: Allah has Heard the words of she who pleaded you regarding her husband and complained to Allah, [58: 1]; and Words of the Glorious: and have disputations with them by that which is best; [16: 125]; and the likes of this are many in the Book of Allah-azwj the Exalted. And as for the argumentation against the atheists and the types of Polytheists are like His-azwj Words Narrating the words of Ibrahim-as: Have you not considered him (Nimrod) who disputed with Ibrahim regarding his Lord, because Allah had Given him the kingdom? [2: 258] – up to end of the Verse. And Words of the Glorious about the Prophets-as in their-as disputing to their-as people in Surah Al A’raaf and others, and Words of the Exalted Narrating about the people of Noah-as: ‘O Noah! You have disputed us and our dispute is frequent, so come to us with what you threatened us if you were from the truthful ones [11: 32]; and similar to this are many, found to be in disputing the communities by the Prophets-as. And as for what is in the Book of Allah-azwj the Exalted from the stories of the communities, it is divided upon three divisions. From it is what is part, and from it is what has happened in his-saww era, and from it is what Allah-azwj the Exalted has Informed with that it would be happening after him-saww. As for what is past, is what Allah-azwj the Exalted has Narrated. He-azwj Said: We Relate to you the best
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