Hadith 72
الحديث 41
Bihar al-Anwar · Allamah al-Majlisi
قب: فِي كِتَابِ أَخْبَارِ الْخُلَفَاءِ: أَنَّ هَارُونَ الرَّشِيدَ كَانَ يَقُولُ لِمُوسَى بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ: خُذْ فَدَكاً حَتَّى أَرُدَّهَا إِلَيْكَ، فَيَأْبَى حَتَّى أَلَحَّ عَلَيْهِ، فَقَالَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ: لَا آخُذُهَا إِلَّا بِحُدُودِهَا، قَالَ: وَ مَا حُدُودُهَا؟
قَالَ: إِنْ حَدَدْتُهَا لَمْ تَرُدَّهَا. قَالَ: بِحَقِّ جَدِّكَ إِلَّا فَعَلْتُ. قَالَ: أَمَّا الْحَدُّ الْأَوَّلُ فَعَدَنُ، فَتَغَيَّرَ وَجْهُ الرَّشِيدِ وَ قَالَ: إِيهاً! . قَالَ: وَ الْحَدُّ الثَّانِي سَمَرْقَنْدُ، فَأَرْبَدَ وَجْهُهُ. قَالَ: وَ الْحَدُّ الثَّالِثُ إِفْرِيقِيَةُ، فَاسْوَدَّ وَجْهُهُ وَ قَالَ: هنيه هِيهِ! . قَالَ: وَ الرَّابِعُ سِيفُ الْبَحْرِ مَا يَلِي الْخَزَرَ وَ إِرْمِينِيَةَ. قَالَ الرَّشِيدُ: فَلَمْ يَبْقَ لَنَا شَيْءٌ، فَتَحُولَ إِلَى مَجْلِسِي. قَالَ مُوسَى: قَدْ أَعْلَمْتُكَ أَنَّنِي إِنْ حَدَدْتُهَا لَمْ تَرُدَّهَا، فَعِنْدَ ذَلِكَ عَزَمَ عَلَى قَتْلِهِ. وَ فِي رِوَايَةِ ابْنِ أَسْبَاطٍ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: أَمَّا الْحَدُّ الْأَوَّلُ فَعَرِيشُ مِصْرَ، وَ الثَّانِي: دُومَةُ الْجَنْدَلِ، وَ الثَّالِثُ: أُحُدٌ، وَ الرَّابِعُ: سِيفُ الْبَحْرِ، فَقَالَ: هَذَا كُلُّهُ هَذِهِ الدُّنْيَا! . فَقَالَ (ع): هَذَا كَانَ فِي أَيْدِي الْيَهُودِ بَعْدَ مَوْتِ أَبِي هَالَةَ فَأَفَاءَهُ اللَّهُ وَ رَسُولُهُ بِلَا خَيْلٍ وَ لا رِكابٍ، فَأَمَرَهُ اللَّهُ أَنْ يَدْفَعَهُ إِلَى فَاطِمَةَ (ع). بَيَانٌ: هَذَانِ التَّحْدِيدَانِ خِلَافُ الْمَشْهُورِ بَيْنَ اللُّغَوِيِّينَ، قَالَ الْفِيرُوزآبَادِيُ: فَدَكُ مَوْضِعٌ بِخَيْبَرَ. 42 كشف: رَوَى الْحُمَيْدِيُّ فِي الْجَمْعِ بَيْنَ الصَّحِيحَيْنِ، السَّادِسُ: مُسْلِمٍ مِنْ رِوَايَةِ جُوَيْرِيَةَ بْنِ أَسْمَاءَ عَنْ مَالِكٍ وَ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ بِطُولِهِ: أَنَّ فَاطِمَةَ (ع) سَأَلَتْ أَبَا بَكْرٍ أَنْ يَقْسِمَ لَهَا مِيرَاثَهَا. وَ فِي رِوَايَةٍ أُخْرَى: أَنَّ فَاطِمَةَ (ع) وَ الْعَبَّاسَ أَتَيَا أَبَا بَكْرٍ. . يَلْتَمِسَانِ مِيرَاثَهُمَا مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ وَ سَلَّمَ وَ هُمَا حِينَئِذٍ يَطْلُبَانِ أَرْضَهُ مِنْ فَدَكَ وَ سَهْمَهُ مِنْ خَيْبَرَ،
فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ: إِنِّي سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ [وَ آلِهِ] قَالَ: لَا نُورَثُ مَا تَرَكْنَا صَدَقَةٌ، إِنَّمَا يَأْكُلُ آلُ مُحَمَّدٍ مِنْ هَذَا الْمَالِ، وَ إِنِّي وَ اللَّهِ لَا أَدَعُ أَمْراً رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ [وَ آلِهِ] يَصْنَعُهُ فِيهِ إِلَّا صَنَعْتُهُ. زَادَ فِي رِوَايَةِ صَالِحِ بْنِ كَيْسَانَ: إِنِّي أَخْشَى إِنْ تَرَكْتُ شَيْئاً مِنْ أَمْرِهِ أَنْ أَزِيغَ. ، قَالَ: فَأَمَّا صَدَقَتُهُ بِالْمَدِينَةِ فَدَفَعَهَا عُمَرُ إِلَى عَلِيٍّ وَ الْعَبَّاسِ فَغَلَبَهُ عَلَيْهَا عَلِي
(The book) ‘Manaqib’ of Ibn Shehr Ashub – In the book Akhbar Al-Khulafa’a – Haroun Al-Rasheed said to Musa-asws Bin Ja’far-asws, ‘Take (the estate of) Fadak until it is returned to you-asws’. But, he-asws refused until he insisted upon him-asws. He-asws said: ‘I-asws will not take it except with its boundaries’. He said, ‘And what are its boundaries? ’
He-asws said: ‘If I-asws were to (specify) its boundaries, you will not return it’. He said, ‘By the right of your-asws grandfather-saww, only do it’. He-asws said: ‘As for the first boundary, it is Aden’. The face of Al-Rasheed changed, and he said, ‘Oh! ’
He-asws said: ‘And the second boundary is Samarqand’. His face puffed up. He-asws said: ‘And the third boundary is in Africa’. His face darkened and he said, ‘Continue, continue’. He-asws said: ‘And the fourth is a coast of the sea what follows Al-Jazar and Armenia’. Al-Rasheed said, ‘Then there does not remain anything for us, and you-asws would come to be in my seat’. Musa-asws said: ‘I-asws had let you know that if I-asws were to specify its boundaries, you will not return it’. At that he was determined upon killing him-asws’’. And in a report of Ibn Asbaat, he-asws said: ‘As for the first boundary, it is the trees of Egypt, and the second is Dowmat Al-Jandal, and the third is Ohad, and the fourth is the coast of the sea’. He said, ‘This, all of it, is this (whole) world! ’
He-asws said: ‘This was in the hands of the Jews after the death of Abu Halah, so Allah-azwj Awarded it to His-azwj Rasool-saww without horses nor camels. Allah-azwj Commanded him-saww to hand it over to (Syeda) Fatima-asws’’. Explanation (of Majlisi) – These two specifications of boundaries are different to the well-known between the linguists. Al-Feyrozabady said, ‘Fadak is a place near Khyber’’. [70]
(The book) ‘Kashf Al Ghumma’ – It is reported by Al Humeydi in (the book) ‘Al Jam’a Bayn Al Sahiheyn’, Muslim, from report of Juweyria Bin Asma’a, from Malik, and from Ayesha with its length, ‘(Syeda) Fatima-asws asked Abu Bakr to distribute her-asws inheritance to her-asws’. And in another report, ‘‘(Syeda) Fatima-asws and Al-Abbas both came to Abu Bakr seeking their inheritances from Rasool-Allah-saww, and on that day seeking his-saww land from Fadak, and his-saww share from Khyber. Abu Bakr said, ‘I heard Rasool-Allah-saww saying: ‘We (Prophets-as) do not get inherited, whatever we-asws leave is charity. But rather, Progeny-asws of Muhammad-asws consume from this wealth’, and by Allah-azwj, I do not leave any matter I have seen Rasool-Allah-saww doing except I do it (as well)’. There is an increase in the report of Salih Bin Kaysan, ‘(Abu Bakr said), ‘I fear to leave out anything from his-saww
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