📖 Volume 90 ✦ Volume 90 Hadith 1 / 558

Hadith 1

الحديث 1

📚 Bihar al-Anwar · Allamah al-Majlisi

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تَعَالَى نَهَى الْمُؤْمِنَ أَنْ يَتَّخِذَ الْكَافِرَ وَلِيّاً ثُمَّ مَنَّ عَلَيْهِ بِإِطْلَاقِ الرُّخْصَةِ لَهُ عِنْدَ التَّقِيَّةِ فِي الظَّاهِرِ أَنْ يَصُومَ بِصِيَامِهِ وَ يُفْطِرَ بِإِفْطَارِهِ وَ يُصَلِّيَ بِصَلَاتِهِ وَ يَعْمَلَ بِعَمَلِهِ وَ يُظْهِرَ لَهُ اسْتِعْمَالَهُ ذَلِكَ مُوَسِّعاً عَلَيْهِ فِيهِ وَ عَلَيْهِ أَنْ يَدِينَ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى فِي الْبَاطِنِ بِخِلَافِ مَا يُظْهِرُ لِمَنْ يَخَافُهُ مِنَ الْمُخَالِفِينَ الْمُسْتَوْلِينَ عَلَى الْأُمَّةِ
قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى‏ لا يَتَّخِذِ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ الْكافِرِينَ أَوْلِياءَ مِنْ دُونِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَ مَنْ يَفْعَلْ ذلِكَ فَلَيْسَ مِنَ اللَّهِ فِي شَيْ‏ءٍ إِلَّا أَنْ تَتَّقُوا مِنْهُمْ تُقاةً وَ يُحَذِّرُكُمُ اللَّهُ نَفْسَهُ‏
فَهَذِهِ رُخْصَةٌ تَفَضَّلَ اللَّهُ بِهَا عَلَى الْمُؤْمِنِينَ رَحْمَةً لَهُمْ لِيَسْتَعْمِلُوهَا عِنْدَ التَّقِيَّةِ فِي الظَّاهِرِ وَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص إِنَّ اللَّهَ يُحِبُّ أَنْ يُؤْخَذَ بِرُخَصِهِ كَمَا يُحِبُّ أَنْ يُؤْخَذَ بِعَزَائِمِهِ
وَ أَمَّا الرُّخْصَةُ الَّتِي صَاحِبُهَا فِيهَا بِالْخِيَارِ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى رَخَّصَ أَنْ يُعَاقَبَ الْعَبْدُ عَلَى ظُلْمِهِ فَقَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى‏ جَزاءُ سَيِّئَةٍ سَيِّئَةٌ مِثْلُها فَمَنْ عَفا وَ أَصْلَحَ فَأَجْرُهُ عَلَى اللَّهِ‏ وَ هَذَا هُوَ فِيهِ بِالْخِيَارِ إِنْ شَاءَ عَفَا وَ إِنْ شَاءَ عَاقَبَ
وَ أَمَّا الرُّخْصَةُ الَّتِي ظَاهِرُهَا خِلَافُ بَاطِنِهَا وَ الْمُنْقَطِعُ الْمَعْطُوفُ فِي التَّنْزِيلِ هُوَ أَنَّ الْآيَةَ مِنْ كِتَابِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ كَانَتْ تَجِي‏ءُ بِشَيْ‏ءٍ مَا ثُمَّ تَجِي‏ءُ مُنْقَطِعَةَ الْمَعْنَى بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ وَ تَجِي‏ءُ بِمَعْنَى غَيْرِهِ ثُمَّ تَعْطِفُ بِالْخِطَابِ عَلَى الْأَوَّلِ
مِثْلُ قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى- وَ إِذْ قالَ لُقْمانُ لِابْنِهِ وَ هُوَ يَعِظُهُ يا بُنَيَّ لا تُشْرِكْ بِاللَّهِ إِنَّ الشِّرْكَ لَظُلْمٌ عَظِيمٌ‏ ثُمَّ انْقَطَعَتْ وَصِيَّةُ لُقْمَانَ لِابْنِهِ فَقَالَ‏ وَ وَصَّيْنَا الْإِنْسانَ بِوالِدَيْهِ حَمَلَتْهُ أُمُّهُ وَهْناً عَلى‏ وَهْنٍ‏ إِلَى قَوْلِهِ- إِلَيَّ مَرْجِعُكُمْ فَأُنَبِّئُكُمْ بِما كُنْتُمْ تَعْمَلُونَ
‏ ثُمَّ عَطَفَ بِالْخِطَابِ عَلَى وَصِيَّةِ لُقْمَانَ لِابْنِهِ فَقَالَ- يا بُنَيَّ إِنَّها إِنْ تَكُ مِثْقالَ حَبَّةٍ مِنْ خَرْدَلٍ فَتَكُنْ فِي صَخْرَةٍ أَوْ فِي السَّماواتِ أَوْ فِي الْأَرْضِ يَأْتِ بِهَا اللَّهُ إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَطِيفٌ خَبِيرٌ
وَ مِثْلُ قَوْلِهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَ‏ أَطِيعُوا اللَّهَ وَ أَطِيعُوا الرَّسُولَ وَ أُولِي الْأَمْرِ مِنْكُمْ‏ ثُمَّ قَالَ تَعَالَى فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ عَطْفاً عَلَى هَذَا الْمَعْنَى- يا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا اتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَ كُونُوا مَعَ الصَّادِقِينَ‏ كَلَاماً مَعْطُوفاً عَلَى أُولِي الْأَمْرِ مِنْكُمْ
وَ قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى‏ أَقِيمُوا الصَّلاةَ وَ آتُوا الزَّكاةَ ثُمَّ قَالَ تَعَالَى فِي الْأَمْر

✦ Traduction française

21], upon its state, not Abrogating it. As for the concession which is the freedom after the Prohibition, Allah-azwj the Exalted Imposed the Wud’u with the clean water upon His-azwj servants, and like that is the washing from the sexual impurity. He-azwj Said: O you who believe! When you stand to the Salat, so wash your faces and your hands to the elbows, and wipe your heads and your leg to the ankles; and if you are with sexual impurity then clean yourselves; and if you were sick or upon a journey, or one of you has come from the toilet, or you have touched the women, and you cannot find water, so perform Tayammum with pure soil [5: 6]. The Imposition from Mighty and Majestic is the washing with the water at finding it, anything else is not allowed, and the concession in it is when the water cannot be found, is performing the Tayammum with the soil from the good (pure) soil. And similar to it are Words of Mighty and Majestic: Maintain your Salat(s) and (in particular) the middle Salat, and be standing obediently to Allah [2: 238]. The Imposition is that they may should pray the obligatory Salat upon the ground with Ruk’u and Sajdah, complete. Then He-azwj Allowed for the fearful. The Glorious Said: But if you are fearing, then (perform your Salat) on foot or riding; [2: 239]. And similar to it are Words of Mighty and Majestic: So when you have fulfilled the Salat, then mention Allah standing and sitting, and upon your sides [4: 103] – and meaning of the Verse is that the healthy one should pray standing, and the sick can pray while seated, and one who is not able to even pray while seated, can pray lying ones and indicate gestures. And this is the concession which has come after the determination. And similar to it are Words of the Exalted: The Month of Ramazan is that in which the Quran was Revealed, – up to His-azwj Words – therefore whoever of you is present in the Month, so let him Fast during it, [2: 185]. Then He-azwj Made Concession for the sick and the traveller by His-azwj Words, the Glorious: So, the one from you who was sick, or upon a journey, so (he should Fast) from other days [2: 184] Allah Wants ease with you, and He does not Want the difficulty with you, [2: 185]. The permanent determined duty has shifted to the healthy man for the place of ability, and the necessity declined as a Grace upon the servants. And as for the concession which its apparent is opposite to its esoteric, Allah-azwj the Exalted Prohibited the Momin to take the Kafir as a friend, then Conferred upon him with freedom of the concession to him during the Taqiyyah (dissimulation) in the apparent to be fasting his fasts, and to break at his breaking, and pray hiss Salat, and work with his work, and to reveal to him the usage of that as a leeway upon him during it, and upon him is to make a religion of Allah-azwj the Exalted in the esoteric opposite to what he reveals for the one who fears the adversaries, the rulers upon the community. Allah-azwj the Exalted Said: The Momineen should not take the Kafirs as friends from besides the Momineen; and the one who does that, so he isn’t from Allah in anything except that you should be guarding from them guarding carefully; and Allah Cautions you all Himself; [3: 28]. This is a concess

N° hadith1
Volume90
Chapitre128
LivreBihar al-Anwar
AuteurAllamah al-Majlisi
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